{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:13:38Z","timestamp":1787699618734,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aims: Current guidelines state that infliximab is contraindicated for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatitis (ir-hepatitis) due to the risk of inducing further liver damage. As this recommendation is largely based on the use of infliximab for rheumatologic diseases, we evaluated the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of infliximab in patients with steroid-refractory immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients treated with infliximab for irAEs at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. To assess hepatotoxicity, we compared the mean value of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin (BT) before and after infliximab treatment. We used logistic regression to assess factors associated with infliximab efficacy. Results: Between January 2010 and February 2019, 56 patients were identified. The median age of the patients was 63 (27\u201384) years. Colitis was the most frequent toxicity (66%), followed by pneumonitis (11%). Infliximab was used to treat ir-hepatitis in one patient. The median number of infliximab doses was 1 (1\u20133) and led to toxicity resolution in 43 (76%) patients. The mean ALT, AST, and BT levels before and after infliximab treatment were not statistically different. The patient treated for ir-hepatitis had a complete recovery, with no incremental liver toxicity. Conclusions: In this dose-limited setting, infliximab was effective in resolving irAEs and did not induce hepatotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28030201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T12:44:37Z","timestamp":1623415477000},"page":"2173-2179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Real World Outcomes and Hepatotoxicity of Infliximab in the Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Immune-Related Adverse Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel V.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Base, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Pimentel","family":"Muniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareh","family":"Keshavarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"},{"name":"Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3310-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadas","family":"Sorotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus O.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Saibil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Spreafico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M5G 1X6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0422","article-title":"The Evolving Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment","volume":"20","author":"Pennock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385","article-title":"Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"36","author":"Brahmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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