{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:17:32Z","timestamp":1793125052305,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumors of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (TuNSs) are rare and heterogeneous malignancies, presenting different histological features and clinical behavior. We reviewed the literature about etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs to define pathologic features and possible treatment strategies. From a diagnostic point of view, it is mandatory to have high expertise and perform an immunohistochemical assessment to distinguish between different histotypes. Due to the extreme rarity of these neoplasms, there are no standard and evidence-based therapeutic strategies, lacking prospective and large clinical trials. In fact, most studies are retrospective analyses. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment of TuNSs for small and localized tumors allowing complete tumor removal. Locally advanced lesions require more demolitive surgery that should be always followed by adjuvant radio- or chemo-radiotherapy. Recurrent\/metastatic disease requires palliative chemo- and\/or radiotherapy. Many studies emphasize the role of specific genes mutations in the development of TuNSs like mutations in the exons 4\u20139 of the TP53 gene, in the exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene and in the promoter of the TERT gene. In the near future, this genetic assessment will have new therapeutic implications. Future improvements in the understanding of the etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs are warranted to improve their management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28040222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1625141007000},"page":"2420-2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Malignant Sinonasal Tumors: Update on Histological and Clinical Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bracigliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS\u2014Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Tatangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS\u2014Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8158-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS\u2014Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS\u2014Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Tafuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ottaiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS\u2014Fondazione \u201cG. 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