{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:09:35Z","timestamp":1779880175672,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evaluating the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is key to planning further therapy of breast cancer. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-energy and subtraction contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) images in the detection of complete response (CR) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 63 female patients were qualified for our retrospective analysis. Low-energy and subtraction CESM images just before the beginning of NAC and as a follow-up examination 2 weeks before the end of chemotherapy were compared with one another and assessed for compliance with the postoperative histopathological examination (HP). The response to preoperative chemotherapy was evaluated based on the RECIST 1.1 criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors). Results: Low-energy images tend to overestimate residual lesions (6.28 mm) and subtraction images tend to underestimate them (2.75 mm). The sensitivity of low-energy images in forecasting CR amounted to 33.33%, while the specificity was 92.86%. In the case of subtraction CESM, the sensitivity amounted to 85.71% and the specificity to 71.42%. Conclusions: CESM is characterized by high sensitivity in the assessment of CR after NAC. The use of only morphological assessment is insufficient. CESM correlates well with the size of residual lesions on histopathological examination but tends to underestimate the dimensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28050298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:47:38Z","timestamp":1630964858000},"page":"3448-3462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Assessment of Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8127-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Steinhof-Radwa\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Prof. Kornel Gibi\u0144ski Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4786-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gra\u017cy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Lorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological Surgery, Prof. Kornel Gibi\u0144ski Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Gisterek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Prof. Kornel Gibi\u0144ski Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Barczyk-Gutowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Prof. Kornel Gibi\u0144ski Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bobola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Prof. Kornel Gibi\u0144ski Independent Public Central Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4168-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Okas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9084-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Lelek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmina","family":"Morawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9773-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Potoczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Society, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-514 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5737-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Niemiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Szyluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62, 41-940 Piekary \u015al\u0105skie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2018.0012","article-title":"Breast Cancer, Version 4.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"16","author":"Gradishar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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