{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:55:04Z","timestamp":1790380504696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Immunotherapy has created a paradigm shift in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), overcoming the therapeutic plateau previously achieved by systemic chemotherapy. There is growing interest in the utility of immunotherapy for patients with resectable NSCLC in the neoadjuvant setting. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide an overview of the existing evidence, with a focus on pathological and radiological response, perioperative clinical outcomes, and long-term survival. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases from their dates of inception to August 2021. Pooled data on pathological response, radiological response, and perioperative outcomes were meta-analyzed where possible. Results: Eighteen publications from sixteen studies were identified, involving 548 enrolled patients who underwent neoadjuvant immunotherapy, of whom 507 underwent surgery. Pathologically, 52% achieved a major pathological response, 24% a complete pathological response, and 20% reported a complete pathological response of both the primary lesion as well as the sampled lymph nodes. Radiologically, 84% of patients had stable disease or partial response. Mortality within 30 days was 0.6%, and morbidities were reported according to grade and frequency. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that neoadjuvant immunotherapy was feasible and safe based on perioperative clinical data and completion rates of surgery within their intended timeframe. The pathological response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy was superior to historical data for patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, whilst surgical and treatment-related adverse events were comparable. The limitations of the study included the heterogenous treatment regimens, lack of long-term follow-up, variations in the reporting of potential prognostic factors, and potential publication bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28060395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:48:36Z","timestamp":1636922916000},"page":"4686-4701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Meta-Analysis of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Patients with Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"},{"name":"Chris O\u2019Brien Lifehouse Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Fu Jeffrey","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Gossot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut du Thorax Curie-Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Melfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robotic Multispecialty Center for Surgery Robotic, Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917346","article-title":"Atezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1-Selected Patients with NSCLC","volume":"383","author":"Herbst","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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