{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:32Z","timestamp":1760236472625,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Individuals with psychiatric disorders (PD) have a high prevalence of tobacco use. Therefore, we assessed the hazard of receiving a tobacco-related (TR) cancer diagnosis among individuals with PD. Methods: Several population-based provincial databases were used to identify individuals in BC diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, or multiple PD between 1990 and 2013. A primary population proxy comparison group (appendicitis) was also identified and matched to the psychiatric cohort based on age at cohort entry, gender, year of cohort entry, and postal code. We linked individuals in the cohort and comparison groups with the BC Cancer Registry. Using a competing risks approach, we estimated the effect of having a PD on the risk of receiving a TR cancer diagnosis, in light of the competing risk of mortality. Results: In total, 165,289 patients were included. Individuals with depression (HR = 0.81; p &lt; 0.01; 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.91), anxiety disorders (HR = 0.84; p = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.97), or multiple PD (HR = 0.74; p &lt; 0.01; 95% CI: 0.66\u20130.83) had a statistically significant lower risk of a TR cancer diagnosis compared to the comparison group. Individuals with schizophrenia (HR = 0.86; p = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.62\u20131.21) or bipolar disorder (HR = 0.58; p = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.29\u20131.14), however, showed no evidence of a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. Interpretation: We found that individuals with depression, anxiety disorders, or multiple PD diagnoses had a significantly reduced risk of receiving a tobacco-related cancer diagnosis. These results were unexpected and could be explained by individuals with a PD having barriers to a cancer diagnosis rather than a true decreased incidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol28060415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T04:01:28Z","timestamp":1637812888000},"page":"4953-4960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of Tobacco-Related Cancer Diagnoses among Individuals with Psychiatric Disorders: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study Using a Competing Risks Approach from British Columbia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4532-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer\u2014Prince George, 1215 Lethbridge Street, Prince George, BC V2M 7E9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Radiation Oncology and Developmental Radiotherapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"McLay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, BC Cancer\u2014Vancouver, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell C.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.20.2606","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study","volume":"284","author":"Lasser","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051466","article-title":"Smoking and mental illness in the U.S. population","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"81","article-title":"Current cigarette smoking among adults aged \u226518 years with mental illness-united states, 2009\u20132011","volume":"62","author":"Signs","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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