{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:54:10Z","timestamp":1760151250306,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The disease course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is frequently characterized by the occurrence of various complications, such as second primary cancer, which can impact patients\u2019 prognoses. While therapies for CLL have evolved tremendously in the past decades, overlooking the possibility of rare neoplasms that arise along with CLL may hinder the benefit that these therapies grant to patients. Moreover, the ability of newer therapies to alter the landscape of these complications is still largely unknown. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is not commonly associated with CLL, with only a few cases reported in the literature, with little information regarding the clinico-biological features and the optimal management for these associated conditions. Here, we report two unusual cases of PMF that occurred a few months after the start of therapy for CLL with targeted agents (ibrutinib and venetoclax). Both cases represented a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, underscoring the need for clinicians to remain vigilant about the possible co-occurrence of these two hematological malignancies, especially in the era of targeted therapy for CLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29030122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1645994777000},"page":"1455-1460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary Myelofibrosis Occurring during Targeted Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Report of Two Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Angotzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Scarmozzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Units, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Bertorelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Units, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Binotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo Paolo","family":"Dei Tos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Units, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1222-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Trentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30422-7","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"391","author":"Hallek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2018.03.004","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and infection risk in the era of targeted therapies: Linking mechanisms with infections","volume":"2","author":"Hilal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2010.01.004","article-title":"Autoimmune complications in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)","volume":"23","author":"Zent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.268037","article-title":"Targeting the tumor microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"106","author":"Svanberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/3\/122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:28:46Z","timestamp":1760135326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/3\/122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol29030122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29030122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1718-7729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]}}}