{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:48:59Z","timestamp":1787734139575,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of multiple myeloma has dramatically improved due to the availability of novel therapies that are highly effective and are quickly moving into first-line therapy. The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) recently recommended that patients who receive daratumumab should only be eligible to receive either carfilzomib or pomalidomide but not both, for relapsed MM. In order to assess the efficacy of these two agents in the relapsed setting, we utilized our national myeloma database. A total of 121 patients were reviewed, 49 patients received CAR- before POM-based (CAR-POM), and 73 patients received POM- before CAR-based (POM-CAR) therapy. In the groups selected, the median PFS was 4.93 months (95% CI, 2.76\u20137.07) and 5.36 months (95% CI, 3.75\u20136.94) for CAR-POM and POM-CAR, respectively. The median OS for patients treated with CAR-POM was 11.01 months (95% CI, 4.50\u201319.13), and for patients treated with POM-CAR the median OS was 10.98 months (95% CI, 8.98\u201319.17). In this real-world observational study, we demonstrated that both CAR- and POM-based therapies, irrespective of the order in which they were used, were effective treatment options for patients with advanced relapsed MM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29030132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T22:53:25Z","timestamp":1646261605000},"page":"1575-1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sequential Use of Carfilzomib and Pomalidomide in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: A Report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Arleigh","family":"McCurdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Venner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7271-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Masih-Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Vaughn, ON L4K 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Louzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Regional Cancer Center, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Sebag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor H.","family":"Jimenez-Zepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Kotb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-2274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moustafa","family":"Kardjadj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Vaughn, ON L4K 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Mian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juravinski Cancer Center, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Stakiw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatoon Cancer Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allan Blair Cancer Centre, Regina, SK S4T 7T1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Reiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB E2L 4L2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engin","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Vaughn, ON L4K 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Myeloma Research Group, Vaughn, ON L4K 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011442","article-title":"Multiple myeloma","volume":"364","author":"Palumbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.4065\/79.7.867","article-title":"Clinical course of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma","volume":"79","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01453-5","article-title":"Mortality trends in multiple myeloma after the introduction of novel therapies in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Binder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0801479","article-title":"Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma","volume":"359","author":"Schlag","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402551","article-title":"Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma","volume":"371","author":"Benboubker","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607751","article-title":"Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma","volume":"375","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606038","article-title":"Daratumumab, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma","volume":"375","author":"Palumbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00464-7","article-title":"Carfilzomib and dexamethasone versus bortezomib and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): A randomised, phase 3, open-label, multicentre study","volume":"17","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70380-2","article-title":"Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"14","author":"Miguel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.186","article-title":"Impact of prior treatment on patients with relapsed multiple myeloma treated with carfilzomib and dexamethasone vs bortezomib and dexamethasone in the phase 3 ENDEAVOR study","volume":"31","author":"Moreau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2019.04.018","article-title":"Carfilzomib-Dexamethasone Versus Bortezomib-Dexamethasone in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Updated Overall Survival, Safety, and Subgroups","volume":"19","author":"Orlowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.176","article-title":"A randomized phase III study of carfilzomib vs low-dose corticosteroids with optional cyclophosphamide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (FOCUS)","volume":"31","author":"Masszi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/3\/132\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:31:00Z","timestamp":1760135460000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/3\/132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol29030132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29030132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}}}