{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:21Z","timestamp":1787027901764,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: In 2014, in response to evidence that Canada\u2019s tobacco use would lead, inexorably, to substantial morbidity and mortality for the foreseeable future, a group of experts convened to consider the development of a \u201cTobacco Endgame\u201d for Canada. The \u201cTobacco Endgame\u201d defines a time frame in which to eliminate structural, political, and social dynamics that sustain tobacco use, leading to improved population health. Strategies: A series of Background Papers describing possible measures that could contribute to the creation of a comprehensive endgame strategy for Canada was prepared in advance of the National Tobacco Endgame Summit hosted at Queen\u2019s University in 2016. At the summit, agreement was reached to work together to achieve &lt;5% tobacco use by 2035 (&lt;5 by \u201935). A report of the proceedings was shared widely. Achievements: Progress since 2016 has been mixed. The Summit report was followed by a national forum convened by Health Canada in March 2017, and in 2018, the Canadian Government adopted \u201c&lt;5 \u00d7 \u201935\u201d tobacco use target in a renewed Canadian tobacco reduction strategy. Tobacco use has declined in the last 5 years, but at a rate slower than that which will be needed to achieve the &lt;5 by \u201935 goal. There remain &gt; 5 million smokers in Canada, signaling that smoking-related diseases will continue to be an enormous health burden. Furthermore, the landscape of new products (e-cigarettes and cannabis) has created additional risks and opportunities. Future directions: A bold, reinvigorated tobacco control strategy is needed that significantly advances ongoing policy developments, including full implementation of the key demand-reduction policies of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Formidable, new disruptive policies and regulations will be needed to achieve Canada\u2019s Endgame goal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29030168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:26:22Z","timestamp":1647811582000},"page":"2081-2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perspective on Cancer Control: Whither the Tobacco Endgame for Canada?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Eisenhauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Cancer Society, Ottawa, ON K1P 5G3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-1976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Les","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Action on Smoking & Health, Edmonton, AB T5J 1V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey T.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2J 4B6, Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Callard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, Ottawa, ON K1Y 0S9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chaiton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Pipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6082179","article-title":"Avoidable portion of tobacco-attributable acute care hospital days and its cost due to implementation of different intervention strategies in Canada","volume":"6","author":"Popova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. 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Can."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30045-2","article-title":"Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: An association study","volume":"2","author":"Gravely","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (2022, February 13). Decision FCTC\/COP8(16): Measures to Strengthen Implementation of the Convention through Coordination and Cooperation. 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