{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:17:25Z","timestamp":1790619445617,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio","award":["81973805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973805"]}]},{"name":"National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio","award":["2015ZA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZA088"]}]},{"name":"National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio","award":["2017-XK-A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-XK-A09"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81973805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973805"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2015ZA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZA088"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2017-XK-A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-XK-A09"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Project","award":["81973805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973805"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Project","award":["2015ZA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZA088"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Project","award":["2017-XK-A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-XK-A09"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Project for the key discipline of traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["81973805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973805"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Project for the key discipline of traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2015ZA088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015ZA088"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Project for the key discipline of traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2017-XK-A09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-XK-A09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>NUT carcinoma is a rare, highly lethal cancer characterized with the rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene on chromosome 15q14, which primarily occurs in the midline organs. Primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma (NC) lacks characteristic clinical manifestations, which leads to the high rate of misdiagnose and nonstandard treatment. To date, fewer than one hundred cases have been reported worldwide. Here, a comprehensive literature search involving a total of 35 articles with 55 patients was conducted in this paper. We reviewed and analyzed the associated clinical and pathological characteristics, the efficacy of various treatment options and the prognosis. Pulmonary NC mainly occurred in middle young-aged men (median age, 36) with no smoking history (2:1) and would present with symptoms of cough (63.6%), dyspnea (29.5%), chest pain (18.2%) and hemoptysis (18.2%). The initial imaging frequently revealed large and irregular lesions in the lower lobe (46.5%) of the left or right lungs; lymph node metastasis was also prevalent (91.9%). A focal squamous differentiation with abrupt keratinization often occurred in the undifferentiated or poorly differentiated (93.75%) tumor cells, with abundant necrosis and numerous neutrophils infiltrated. The mean overall survival (OS) in patients of this malignant disease was 6.21 months, and the median OS was 4.4 months. According to our results, this disease is sensitive to radiotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy (either concurrent chemoradiotherapy or sequential chemoradiotherapy) was the most efficient therapeutic regimen to prolong the OS of patients with pulmonary NC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29100536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T21:10:05Z","timestamp":1663881005000},"page":"6807-6815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis of Primary Pulmonary NUT Carcinoma: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6287-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210852","article-title":"BRD-NUT oncoproteins: A family of closely related nuclear proteins that block epithelial differentiation and maintain the growth of carcinoma cells","volume":"27","author":"French","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5773","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-1153","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of NUT midline carcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Bauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E47","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24885","article-title":"BRD3-NUTM1-expressing NUT carcinoma of lung on endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration cytology, a diagnostic pitfall","volume":"50","author":"Aryal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.7203","article-title":"Rediagnosis of Lung Cancer as NUT Midline Carcinoma Based on Clues From Tumor Genomic Profiling","volume":"16","author":"Baras","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2016.04.014","article-title":"NUT midline carcinoma of the lung, a rare form of lung cancer","volume":"52","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1045","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.11.50","article-title":"NUT midline carcinoma as a primary lung tumor: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969211019532","article-title":"Challenging Diagnosis in NUT Carcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Claudia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. 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