{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:04:05Z","timestamp":1793124245049,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tobacco kills more than 8 million people worldwide every year. Over 80% of the world\u2019s 1.3 billion tobacco users live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the future burden is projected to grow. At the same time, progress in tobacco control has not advanced as far as in many LMICs. In particular, the implementation of tobacco-cessation programs and interventions remains limited. The bulk of the evidence for tobacco-cessation interventions comes from high-income countries and may not reflect the context in LMICs, particularly as resources and training for tobacco cessation are limited. This paper summarizes the current evidence for tobacco-cessation interventions in LMICs and highlights some key challenges and research gaps. Overall, there is a need to build capacity for locally relevant research and implementation science to support tailored cessation interventions and strategies for LMICs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29120713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T03:58:16Z","timestamp":1669262296000},"page":"9117-9124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Advancing Tobacco Cessation in LMICs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-0079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Shankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6071-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Parascandola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Training Branch, Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirabu","family":"Sakthivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT & Head-Neck Surgery, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore 641014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagdish","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthier Populations and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi 110011, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materia Medica Department, Lal Bahadur Shastri Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Prayagraj 211013, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen Prabhu","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore 641032, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Tobacco Collaborators (2017). Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 389, 1885\u20131906."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1308383","article-title":"Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing Tobacco","volume":"370","author":"Jha","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco 2000\u20132025, World Health Organization. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e067582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067582","article-title":"Patterns of tobacco use in low and middle income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: Nationally representative survey data from 82 countries","volume":"378","author":"Theilmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1750205","article-title":"The Intersection of Tobacco Use, Health Disparities, and Inequalities in Lung Cancer Treatment and Survival","volume":"43","author":"Shankar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Paediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, September 01). WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Parties. Available online: https:\/\/fctc.who.int\/who-fctc\/overview\/parties."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, September 01). Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013\u20132020. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241506236."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, September 01). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2019: Offer Help to Quit Tobacco Use. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789241516204."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, November 04). WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2021: Addressing New and Emerging Products. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240032095."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-016-0277-4","article-title":"Water Pipe (shisha) Use and Legislation Awareness Against Shisha Smoking Among Medical Students: A study from Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"Zavery","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Kataki, A.C. (2021). Cancer Prevention and Screening. Principles and Practice of Oncology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute Academia. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_537_20","article-title":"White paper on smokeless tobacco & women\u2019s health in India","volume":"151","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Bethesda, M.D. (2016). The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control, National Cancer Institute Tobacco Control Monograph 21, 16-CA-8029A."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.07.012","article-title":"The impact and relevance of tobacco control research in low-and middle-income countries globally and to the US","volume":"87","author":"Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12172","article-title":"A survey of tobacco dependence treatment services in 121 countries","volume":"108","author":"McNeill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13903","article-title":"Progress in implementation of WHO FCTC Article 14 and its guidelines: A survey of tobacco dependence treatment provision in 142 countries","volume":"112","author":"Nilan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.89941","article-title":"Tobacco Control Policies in India: Implementation and Challenges","volume":"55","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2021.105708","article-title":"\u201cA to Z\u201ds of tobacco control and cessation","volume":"125","author":"Sakthivel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apollonio, D.E., Dutra, L.M., and Glantz, S.A. (2021). Associations between smoking trajectories, smoke-free laws and cigarette taxes in a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246321"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"CD004704","article-title":"Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults","volume":"11","author":"Bala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/110007","article-title":"Implementing smoke-free policies in low- and middle-income countries: A brief review and research agenda","volume":"17","author":"Byron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tob. Induc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"Cd008286","article-title":"Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation","volume":"3","author":"Stead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-10-39","article-title":"Research to stop tobacco deaths","volume":"10","author":"Yach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Munabi-Babigumira, S., Fretheim, A., and \u00d8verland, S. (2012). NIPH Systematic Reviews. Interventions for Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from Randomised and Quasi-Randomized Studies, Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14518","article-title":"The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Akanbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106612","article-title":"Tobacco cessation in low- to middle-income countries: A scoping review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"112","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.59262","article-title":"Assessment of the effectiveness of sustained release Bupropion and intensive physician advice in smoking cessation","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung India Off. Organ Indian Chest Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8828","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26990-5","article-title":"Impact of nicotine replacement therapy as an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis treatment and behaviour change counselling in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: An open-label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.Supp3.S25","article-title":"Dual addictions, parallel treatments: Nicotine replacement therapy for patients receiving methadone treatment in the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"19","author":"Heydari","year":"2014","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. Health J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7195","article-title":"Efficacy of Varenicline Combined With Nicotine Replacement Therapy vs Varenicline Alone for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"312","author":"Koegelenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019055","DOI":"10.29392\/joghr.3.e2019055","article-title":"Building capacity for applied research to reduce tobacco-related harm in low- and middle-income countries: The Tobacco Control Capacity Programme (TCCP)","volume":"3","author":"Dobbie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"CD002850","article-title":"Telephone counselling for smoking cessation","volume":"5","author":"Matkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-019-0197-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of a new multi-component smoking cessation service package for patients with hypertension and diabetes in northern Thailand: A randomized controlled trial (ESCAPE study)","volume":"14","author":"Aung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subst. Abus. Treat. Prev. Policy"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2006000200021","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial: Effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral approach and the use of nicotine replacement transdermal patches for smoking cessation among adults in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Otero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cad. Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301303","article-title":"Effects of a tobacco control intervention for teachers in India: Results of the Bihar school teachers study","volume":"103","author":"Sorensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975919854032","article-title":"Impact of a tobacco cessation intervention on adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines among village health workers in Vietnam","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0796","article-title":"Tuberculosis-tobacco integration in the South-East Asia Region: Policy analysis and implementation framework","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Bahia, K., and Delaporte, A. (2022, September 01). The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.gsma.com\/r\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/GSMA-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2020.pdf."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"Cd006611","article-title":"Mobile phone text messaging and app-based interventions for smoking cessation","volume":"10","author":"Whittaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2231","article-title":"A text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adult smokers: Randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Ybarra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, Y., Wu, Q., Kelly, B.C., Zhang, F., Tang, Y.Y., Wang, Q., Ren, H., Hao, Y., Yang, M., and Cohen, J. (2018). Effectiveness of a text-messaging-based smoking cessation intervention (\u201cHappy Quit\u201d) for smoking cessation in China: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002713"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2018-000285","article-title":"Self-reported quit rates and quit attempts among subscribers of a mobile text messaging-based tobacco cessation programme in India","volume":"4","author":"Gopinathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Innov."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.04.029","article-title":"Tobacco Smoking Cessation and Quitline Use Among Adults Aged \u226515 Years in 31 Countries: Findings From the Global Adult Tobacco Survey","volume":"60","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.039438","article-title":"Results of a national mass media campaign in India to warn against the dangers of smokeless tobacco consumption","volume":"21","author":"Murukutla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, September 01). Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective, Available online: https:\/\/cancercontrol.cancer.gov\/brp\/tcrb\/smokeless-tobacco."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2015.22","article-title":"The Global Laboratory of Tobacco Control: Research to Advance Tobacco Cessation in LMICs","volume":"11","author":"Parascandola","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Smok. Cessat."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-20-1271","article-title":"The Role of Dissemination and Implementation Research in Global Tobacco Control: A Report from the American Society of Preventive Oncology. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":"29","author":"Salloum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200054","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.22.00054","article-title":"Role of Local Evidence in Transferring Evidence-Based Interventions to Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings: Application to Global Cancer Prevention and Control","volume":"8","author":"Parascandola","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCO Glob. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/12\/713\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:25:18Z","timestamp":1760145918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/29\/12\/713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol29120713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29120713","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]}}}