{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:46:41Z","timestamp":1780051601192,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background The implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) into daily practice allows for the identification of a greater number of molecular abnormalities. We aimed to confirm the benefits of immunotherapy in the group of patients with KRAS aberrations treated within clinical practice. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of the patients (pts) treated in routine practice within the National Drug Programme in Poland. The NGS was performed using a FusionPlex Comprehensive Thyroid and Lung (CTL) kit (ArcherDx) and sequenced using a MiniSeq (Illumina). The analyses were performed with the R language environment, version 4.1.3. Results A total of 96 pts with chemotherapy-pre-treated advanced NSCLC (CS III\u2013IV) were qualified for nivolumab or atezolizumab treatment following a molecular diagnosis by the NGS and the exclusion of EGFR and ALK gene abnormalities. A mutation in the KRAS gene was found in 26 patients (27%); among them, the variant p.Gly12Cyc (G12C) was the most common (42%). The median PFS and OS for the overall population were 2 months (95% CI: 1.8\u20132.75) and 10 months (95% CI: 6.9\u201316.2), respectively. No differences were observed in terms of the mPFS between the KRAS-mutated and KRAS wild-type (WT) patients. A trend toward a longer OS was observed in the group of patients with the KRAS mutation, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.43). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of mutations in the KRAS gene had no prognostic significance, while the occurence of grade 3 toxicity and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) &gt; 3.5 were found as statistically significant factors. Conclusions Immunotherapy in the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC allows for a benefit regardless of the KRAS gene mutation status. The treatment sequence, including molecularly targeted drugs such as sotorasib and adagrasib, is still discussed. The NGS is a valuable method to identify a variety of molecular abnormalities in patients with NSCLC in daily practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T05:15:53Z","timestamp":1672377353000},"page":"462-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Second-Line Treatment of KRAS-Mutated Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer\u2014Data from Daily Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7603-099X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Knetki-Wr\u00f3blewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Tabor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3710-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"P\u0142u\u017ca\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zofia","family":"Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Tysarowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics Department, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Pawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Oncology Department, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9452-3229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz M.","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Krzakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507643","article-title":"Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"373","author":"Borghaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. 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