{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:37:58Z","timestamp":1790372278371,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Locoregional recurrence (LRR) is the predominant pattern of relapse and often the cause of death in patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). As a result, reducing LRR is a critical objective for RPS patients. However, unlike soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the superficial trunk and extremity where the benefits of radiation therapy (RT) are well-established, the role of RT in the retroperitoneum remains controversial. Historically, preoperative or postoperative RT, either alone or in combination with intraoperative radiation (IORT), was commonly justified for RPS based on extrapolation from the superficial trunk and extremity STS literature. However, long-awaited results were recently published from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) STRASS study of preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for patients with RPS; there was no statistical difference in the primary endpoint of abdominal recurrence-free survival. However, several subset analyses and study limitations complicate the interpretation of the results. This review explores and contextualizes the body of evidence regarding RT\u2019s role in managing RPS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30010047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T02:51:39Z","timestamp":1672714299000},"page":"598-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Radiation Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: A Strass-Ful Situation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahsan S.","family":"Farooqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 97, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Ashleigh","family":"Guadagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 97, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devarati","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 97, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit 97, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198704000-00003","article-title":"Adult soft tissue sarcomas. A pattern of care survey of the American College of Surgeons","volume":"205","author":"Lawrence","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21761","article-title":"Retroperitoneal sarcoma: A population-based analysis of epidemiology, surgery, and radiotherapy","volume":"106","author":"Porter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20269","article-title":"Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas: Patterns of recurrence in 167 patients treated at a single institution","volume":"100","author":"Gronchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00008","article-title":"Retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma: Analysis of 500 patients treated and followed at a single institution","volume":"228","author":"Lewis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010715)92:2<359::AID-CNCR1331>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Prognostic factors in retroperitoneal sarcoma: A multivariate analysis of a series of 165 patients of the French Cancer Center Federation Sarcoma Group","volume":"92","author":"Stoeckle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.9598","article-title":"Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Liposarcoma","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000170343.09562.39","article-title":"MDM2 and CDK4 immunostainings are useful adjuncts in diagnosing well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma subtypes: A comparative analysis of 559 soft tissue neoplasms with genetic data","volume":"29","author":"Binh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199502000-00009","article-title":"Prognostic factors predictive of survival for truncal and retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"221","author":"Singer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000086542.11899.38","article-title":"Histologic subtype and margin of resection predict pattern of recurrence and survival for retroperitoneal liposarcoma","volume":"238","author":"Singer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8363986","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8363986","article-title":"PET\/CT Imaging as a Diagnostic Tool in Distinguishing Well-Differentiated versus Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma","volume":"2020","author":"Parkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000535","article-title":"New research strategies in retroperitoneal sarcoma. The case of TARPSWG, STRASS and RESAR: Making progress through collaboration","volume":"31","author":"Raut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4452","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31749","article-title":"A call to action: Why sarcoma surgery needs to be centralized","volume":"124","author":"Raut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2021.04.005","article-title":"Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Adults: Executive Summary of an ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"11","author":"Salerno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pract. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7873","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09654-z","article-title":"Management of Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma (RPS) in the Adult: An Updated Consensus Approach from the Transatlantic Australasian RPS Working Group","volume":"28","author":"Swallow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2005.09.004","article-title":"Prognostic factors for first recurrence in patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"24","author":"Avances","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90395-6","article-title":"Outcome and prognosis in retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"29","author":"Catton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4130-7","article-title":"Personalizing the approach to retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: Histology-specific patterns of failure and postrelapse outcome after primary extended resection","volume":"22","author":"Gronchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.3.859","article-title":"Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Pisters","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198209000-00009","article-title":"The treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: Prospective randomized evaluations of (1) limb-sparing surgery plus radiation therapy compared with amputation and (2) the role of adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"196","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.1.197","article-title":"Randomized prospective study of the benefit of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09292-9","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: A randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02573869","article-title":"Initial results of a trial of preoperative external-beam radiation therapy and postoperative brachytherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.01.143","article-title":"Phase I trial of preoperative concurrent doxorubicin and radiation therapy, surgical resection, and intraoperative electron-beam radiation therapy for patients with localized retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"21","author":"Pisters","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2006.05.035","article-title":"Long-term results of two prospective trials of preoperative external beam radiotherapy for localized intermediate- or high-grade retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"13","author":"Pawlik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24557","article-title":"Improved local control with an aggressive strategy of preoperative (with or without intraoperative) radiation therapy combined with radical surgical resection for retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"115","author":"Hull","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001063","article-title":"Comparison of Perioperative Radiation Therapy and Surgery Versus Surgery Alone in 204 Patients With Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: A Retrospective 2-Institution Study","volume":"262","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30050-X","article-title":"Preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A case-control, propensity score-matched analysis of a nationwide clinical oncology database","volume":"17","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2022, September 18). ASGOG Protocol Z9031: A Phase III Randomized Study of Preoperative.Radiation Plus Surgery Versus Surgery Alone for Patients with Retroperitoneal Sarcomas (RPS), Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00091351."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30446-0","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcoma (EORTC-62092: STRASS): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"21","author":"Bonvalot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30626-4","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"22","author":"Chowdhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30632-X","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"22","author":"DeLaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callegaro, D., Raut, C.P., Ajayi, T., Strauss, D., Bonvalot, S., Ng, D., Stoeckle, E., Fairweather, M., Rutkowski, P., and van Houdt, W.J. (2022). Preoperative Radiotherapy in Patients With Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: EORTC-62092 Trial (STRASS) Versus Off-trial (STREXIT) Results. Ann. Surg.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005492"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34239","article-title":"Critical impact of radiotherapy protocol compliance and quality in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas: Results from the EORTC 62092-22092 STRASS trial","volume":"128","author":"Haas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34240","article-title":"Is quality related to quantity: Interpreting the results of STRASS in the context of noncompliant radiotherapy","volume":"128","author":"Bishop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.047","article-title":"Combined Modality Management of Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: A Single-Institution Series of 121 Patients","volume":"93","author":"Bishop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.12.020","article-title":"Late radiation morbidity following randomization to preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"75","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)04510-8","article-title":"Preoperative vs. postoperative radiation therapy for soft tissue sarcoma: A retrospective comparative evaluation of disease outcome","volume":"56","author":"Zagars","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-021-01774-w","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy for retroperitoneal sarcoma: A meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2018.59.9.1049","article-title":"Efficacy of Postoperative Radiotherapy Using Modern Techniques in Patients with Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-20-00226.1","article-title":"Cellular Radiosensitivity of Soft Tissue Sarcoma","volume":"196","author":"Haas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-53-634-969","article-title":"Radiotherapy of liposarcomas","volume":"53","author":"Reitan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420160040005","article-title":"Intraoperative radiotherapy in retroperitoneal sarcomas. Final results of a prospective, randomized, clinical trial","volume":"128","author":"Sindelar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00546-5","article-title":"High-dose-rate intraoperative radiation therapy (HDR-IORT) for retroperitoneal sarcomas","volume":"47","author":"Alektiar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2006.03.026","article-title":"Surgery combined with intraoperative brachytherapy in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas","volume":"13","author":"Dziewirski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.01.028","article-title":"Intraoperative electron-beam therapy for primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"65","author":"Krempien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02595-0","article-title":"Use of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy in the management of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas","volume":"52","author":"Petersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)01589-3","article-title":"Long-term results of intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy for primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"50","author":"Gieschen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2006.07.002","article-title":"Outcomes in a series of 103 retroperitoneal sarcomas","volume":"32","author":"Pierie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roeder, F., Ulrich, A., Habl, G., Uhl, M., Saleh-Ebrahimi, L., Huber, P.E., Schulz-Ertner, D., Nikoghosyan, A.V., Alldinger, I., and Krempien, R. (2014). Clinical phase I\/II trial to investigate preoperative dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma: Interim analysis. BMC Cancer, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-617"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"155","article-title":"3D treatment planning and intensity-modulated radiation therapy","volume":"13","author":"Purdy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.02.002","article-title":"IMRT or conformal radiotherapy for adjuvant treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma?","volume":"99","author":"Paumier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.08.023","article-title":"Intensity modulated radiation-therapy for preoperative posterior abdominal wall irradiation of retroperitoneal liposarcomas","volume":"67","author":"Bossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12230","article-title":"Volumetric-modulated arc therapy versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy for large volume retroperitoneal sarcomas: A comparative analysis of dosimetric and treatment delivery parameters","volume":"19","author":"Taggar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R155","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/8\/R155","article-title":"The physics of proton therapy","volume":"60","author":"Newhauser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5540615","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5540615","article-title":"Comparison of 3D Conformal Proton Therapy, Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy, and Intensity-Modulated Photon Therapy for Retroperitoneal Sarcoma","volume":"2022","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.06.024","article-title":"A prospective study of proton reirradiation for recurrent and secondary soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"124","author":"Guttmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00544-6","article-title":"Biophysical characteristics of HIMAC clinical irradiation system for heavy-ion radiation therapy","volume":"44","author":"Kanai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00082","article-title":"Carbon Ion Therapy: A Modern Review of an Emerging Technology","volume":"10","author":"Malouff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.12.019","article-title":"Carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable retroperitoneal sarcomas","volume":"75","author":"Serizawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05069-z","article-title":"Neoadjuvant irradiation of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma with ions (Retro-Ion): Study protocol for a randomized phase II pilot trial","volume":"22","author":"Seidensaal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1728-z","article-title":"Overcoming a travel burden to high-volume centers for treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas is associated with improved survival","volume":"17","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.12.262","article-title":"Association Between Treatment at High-Volume Facilities and Improved Overall Survival in Soft Tissue Sarcomas","volume":"100","author":"Venigalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31699","article-title":"Treatment at low-volume hospitals is associated with reduced short-term and long-term outcomes for patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"124","author":"Keung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.04.039","article-title":"Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Target Volume and Organ at Risk Contour Delineation Agreement Among NRG Sarcoma Radiation Oncologists","volume":"92","author":"Baldini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22005","article-title":"Preoperative radiation therapy with selective dose escalation to the margin at risk for retroperitoneal sarcoma","volume":"107","author":"Tzeng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2016.12.003","article-title":"Phase 1 trial of preoperative image guided intensity modulated proton radiation therapy with simultaneously integrated boost to the high risk margin for retroperitoneal sarcomas","volume":"2","author":"DeLaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11550","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.11550","article-title":"Preliminary results of phase 2 trial of preoperative image guided intensity modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT) with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) to the high-risk margin for retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS)","volume":"39","author":"DeLaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30624-1","article-title":"Pembrolizumab in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma (SARC028): A multicentre, two-cohort, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"18","author":"Tawbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keung, E.Z., Lazar, A.J., Torres, K.E., Wang, W.L., Cormier, J.N., Ashleigh Guadagnolo, B., Bishop, A.J., Lin, H., Hunt, K.K., and Bird, J. (2018). Phase II study of neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade in patients with surgically resectable undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4829-0"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.11505","article-title":"Preliminary Results of a Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Checkpoint Blockade for Surgically Resectable Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDLPS)","volume":"38","author":"Roland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA11501","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2022.40.17_suppl.LBA11501","article-title":"Randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade for surgically resectable undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS): Survival results after 2 years of follow-up and intratumoral B-cell receptor (BCR) correlates","volume":"40","author":"Keung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/30\/1\/47\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:56:42Z","timestamp":1760119002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/30\/1\/47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol30010047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol30010047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]}}}