{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T02:28:42Z","timestamp":1773887322555,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K15992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22fk0210113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22fk0210113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K15992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K15992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Proton beam therapy (PBT) has been recently reported to achieve excellent tumor control with minimal toxicity in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was investigated for larger HCC. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of PBT on unresectable HCC in comparison with TACE combined with RFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 70 patients with HCC which was difficult to control by surgical resection or RFA monotherapy, 24 patients treated with PBT and 46 patients with TACE plus RFA. The therapeutic effects were assessed as local progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The local PFS was more than 65% in 60 months for PBT and TACE plus RFA. The patients treated with PBT showed 82% OS at 60 months post-treatment. In contrast, those treated with TACE plus RFA showed 28% OS. When comparing the changes of ALBI scores in patients with different severities of chronic liver disease, the scores of PBT-treated patients were maintained at the baseline; however, those of TACE plus RFA-treated patients worsened after the treatments. Conclusions: The results indicated that PBT may show better benefits than TACE plus RFA therapy in terms of OS in patients with unresectable HCC by sparing the non-tumor liver tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30040296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1680151535000},"page":"3915-3926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longer Survival and Preserved Liver Function after Proton Beam Therapy for Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuto","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Sugata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Akazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsushi","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ohtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8980-1044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tsujikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center, Fukui Prefecture Hospital, Fukui 910-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3040-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center, Fukui Prefecture Hospital, Fukui 910-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Tamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proton Therapy Center, Fukui Prefecture Hospital, Fukui 910-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasunari","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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