{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:35:53Z","timestamp":1790876153030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Maryse and William Brock Chair in applied research into stem cell transplantation at Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma usually affects older adults. However, younger patients constitute a significant subset as approximately 10% of cases occur in subjects younger than 50 years old. Young patients, who are underrepresented in the literature, are diagnosed during their most productive years of life, urging the need for tailored treatment approaches. This literature review aims to report recent studies specifically addressing young patients with a focus on characteristics at diagnosis, cytogenetics, treatments, and outcomes. We searched PubMed for studies involving young patients with multiple myeloma \u226450 years old. The time span of our literature review search was from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2022. Overall, 16 retrospective studies were analyzed for this review. Young patients with multiple myeloma tend to have less advanced disease, more frequent light chain subtypes, and survive longer compared to their older counterparts. However, available studies included a limited number of patients; the newest revised international staging system was not used to stratify patients, cytogenetics varied from one cohort to another, and most patients did not receive contemporary triplet\/quadruplet treatments. This review emphasizes the need to perform contemporary, large-scale retrospective studies to improve knowledge regarding the presentation and outcomes of young myeloma patients in the era of modern treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30060396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T08:14:28Z","timestamp":1684829668000},"page":"5214-5226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Young Myeloma Patients: A Systematic Review of Manifestations and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9498-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9gane","family":"Tanguay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Oncologie et de Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 de l\u2019Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"},{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Interne, H\u00f4pital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H2L 4M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Oncologie et de Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 de l\u2019Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"},{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1899-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Oncologie et de Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 de l\u2019Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"},{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2638-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-S\u00e9bastien","family":"Claveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Oncologie et de Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 de l\u2019Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"},{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7716-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Universitaire d\u2019H\u00e9mato-Oncologie et de Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire, H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 de l\u2019Assomption, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada"},{"name":"Departement of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, 2900 \u00c9douard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.178103","article-title":"Outcome and survival of myeloma patients diagnosed 2008\u20132015. 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Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2264-0","article-title":"Elderly multiple myeloma patients experience less deterioration in health-related quality of life than younger patients compared to a normative population: A study from the population-based PROFILES registry","volume":"94","author":"Oerlemans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06042.x","article-title":"Impact of age on survival after intensive therapy for multiple myeloma: A population-based study by the Nordic Myeloma Study Group","volume":"133","author":"Lenhoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. 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Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0065-8","article-title":"Defining cure in multiple myeloma: A comparative study of outcomes of young individuals with myeloma and curable hematologic malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Ravi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1089\/jayao.2017.0034","article-title":"AYA-Myeloma: Real-World, Single-Center Experience Over Last 5 Years","volume":"7","author":"Yanamandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Young Adult Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2018.1480766","article-title":"Multiple myeloma in patients up to 30 years of age: A multicenter retrospective study of 52 cases","volume":"60","author":"Jurczyszyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0526-1","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma of the Young\u2014A Single Center Experience Highlights Future Directions","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol. Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000507414","article-title":"Multiple Myeloma Presenting in Patients Younger than 50 Years of Age: A Single Institution Experience","volume":"144","author":"Duek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011285","article-title":"Epidemiological landscape of young multiple myeloma patients diagnosed earlier than 40 years: The french experience","volume":"138","author":"Caulier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00708-3","article-title":"Racial differences as predictors of outcomes in young patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"12","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3673","article-title":"More frequent IgD and reduced CD200 expression in Chinese patients younger than 50 years old with multiple myeloma: A multicenter analysis","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. 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J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31594-X","article-title":"Bortezomib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma without intent for immediate autologous stem-cell transplant (SWOG S0777): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"389","author":"Durie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817249","article-title":"Daratumumab plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone for Untreated Myeloma","volume":"380","author":"Facon","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-022-00195-3","article-title":"Current Role of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma","volume":"10","author":"Claveau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-021-01532-2","article-title":"Outcomes in newly diagnosed young or high-risk myeloma patients receiving tandem autologous\/allogeneic transplant followed by bortezomib maintenance: A phase II study","volume":"57","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5988","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002827","article-title":"A large meta-analysis establishes the role of MRD negativity in long-term survival outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"4","author":"Munshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006731","article-title":"Deep MRD profiling defines outcome and unveils different modes of treatment resistance in standard- and high-risk myeloma","volume":"137","author":"Goicoechea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/30\/6\/396\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:40:06Z","timestamp":1760125206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/30\/6\/396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol30060396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol30060396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]}}}