{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:13:53Z","timestamp":1760148833179,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an established palliative treatment for bone metastases; however, little is known about post-radiation survival and factors which impact it. The aim of this study was to assess a population-based sample of metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving palliative radiation therapy to bone metastases and contemporary palliative systemic therapy and identify factors that impact long-term survival. Materials\/methods: This retrospective, population-based, cohort study assessed all prostate cancer patients receiving palliative RT for bone metastases at a Canadian provincial Cancer program during a contemporary time period. Baseline patient, disease, and treatment characteristics were extracted from the provincial medical physics databases and the electronic medical record. Post-RT Survival intervals were defined as the time interval from the first fraction of palliative RT to death from any cause or date of the last known follow-up. The median survival of the cohort was used to dichotomize the cohort into short- and long-term survivors following RT. Univariable and multivariable hazard regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with post-RT survival. Results: From 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2019, 545 palliative RT courses for bone metastases were delivered to n = 274 metastatic prostate cancer patients with a median age of 76 yrs (Interquartile range (IQR) 39\u201383) and a median follow-up of 10.6 months (range 0.2 to 47.9). The median survival of the cohort was 10.6 months (IQR 3.5\u201325 months). The ECOG performance status of the whole cohort was \u22642 in n = 200 (73%) and 3\u20134 in n = 67 (24.5%). The most commonly treated sites of bone metastasis were the pelvis and lower extremities n = 130 (47.4%), skull and spine n = 114 (41.6%), and chest and upper extremities n = 30 (10.9%). Most patients had CHAARTED high volume disease n = 239 (87.2%). On multivariable hazard regression analysis, an ECOG performance status of 3\u20134 (p = 0.02), CHAARTED high volume disease burden (p = 0.023), and non-receipt of systemic therapy (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with worse post-RT survival. Conclusion: Amongst metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with palliative radiotherapy to bone metastases and modern palliative systemic therapies, ECOG performance status, CHAARTED metastatic disease burden, and type of first-line palliative systemic therapy were significantly associated with post-RT survival durations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30060420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T02:59:57Z","timestamp":1686279597000},"page":"5560-5573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors Associated with Long-Term Prostate Cancer Survival after Palliative Radiotherapy to a Bone Metastasis and Contemporary Palliative Systemic Therapy: A Retrospective, Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bindu","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheer","family":"Shahhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikesh","family":"Hanumanthappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai 400053, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldrich D.","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arbind","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Koul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amitava","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gokulan","family":"Sivananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0332-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian Oliver","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"},{"name":"CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E601","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.212097","article-title":"Projected Estimates of Cancer in Canada in 2022","volume":"194","author":"Brenner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. 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