{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:52:36Z","timestamp":1787964756383,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evidence base to support reimbursement decision making for oncology drugs is often based on short-term follow-up trial data, and attempts to address this uncertainty are not typically undertaken once a reimbursement decision is made. To address this gap, we sought to conduct a reassessment of an oncology drug (pembrolizumab) for patients with advanced melanoma which was approved based on interim data with a median 7.9 months of follow-up and for which long-term data have since been published. We developed a three-health-state partitioned survival model based on the phase 3 KEYNOTE-006 clinical trial data using patient-level data reconstruction techniques based on an interim analysis. We used a standard survival analysis and parametric curve fitting techniques to extrapolate beyond the trial follow-up time, and the model structure and inputs were derived from the literature. Five-year long-term follow-up data from the trial were then used to re-evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab for treatment of advanced melanoma. The best fitting parametric curves and corresponding survival extrapolations for reconstructed interim data and long-term data reconstructed from KEYNOTE-006 were different. An analysis of the 5 year long-term follow-up data generated a base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) that was 28% higher than the ICER based on interim trial data. Our findings suggest that there may be a trade-off between certainty and the ICER. Conducting health technology re-assessments of certain oncology products on the basis of longer-term data availability, especially for those health technology adoption decisions made based on immature clinical data, may be of value to decision makers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T02:05:21Z","timestamp":1689041121000},"page":"6596-6608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Health Technology Reassessment: Addressing Uncertainty in Economic Evaluations of Oncology Drugs at Time of Reimbursement Using Long-Term Clinical Trial Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Graeme","family":"Ball","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell A. H.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"The Research Institute of St. Joe\u2019s Hamilton, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"The Research Institute of St. Joe\u2019s Hamilton, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Eric","family":"Tarride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"The Research Institute of St. Joe\u2019s Hamilton, St. Joseph\u2019s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada"},{"name":"McMaster Chair in Health Technology Management, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2165\/11537370-000000000-00000","article-title":"The Value of Value of Information","volume":"28","author":"Eckermann","year":"2010","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx110","article-title":"Do patient access schemes for high-cost cancer drugs deliver value to society?\u2014Lessons from the NHS Cancer Drugs Fund","volume":"28","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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