{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:59:29Z","timestamp":1793714369888,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]],"date-time":"2023-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hypo-fractionation can be an effective strategy to lower costs and save time, increasing patient access to advanced radiation therapy. To demonstrate this potential in practice within the context of temporal evolution, a twenty-year analysis of a representative radiation therapy facility from 2003 to 2022 was conducted. This analysis utilized comprehensive data to quantitatively evaluate the connections between advanced clinical protocols and technological improvements. The findings provide valuable insights to the management team, helping them ensure the delivery of high-quality treatments in a sustainable manner. Methods: Several parameters related to treatment technique, patient positioning, dose prescription, fractionation, equipment technology content, machine workload and throughput, therapy times and patients access counts were extracted from departmental database and analyzed on a yearly basis by means of linear regression. Results: Patients increased by 121 \u00b1 6 new per year (NPY). Since 2010, the incidence of hypo-fractionation protocols grew thanks to increasing Linac technology. In seven years, both the average number of fractions and daily machine workload decreased by \u22120.84 \u00b1 0.12 fractions\/year and \u22121.61 \u00b1 0.35 patients\/year, respectively. The implementation of advanced dose delivery techniques, image guidance and high dose rate beams for high fraction doses, currently systematically used, has increased the complexity and reduced daily treatment throughput since 2010 from 40 to 32 patients per 8 h work shift (WS8). Thanks to hypo-fractionation, such an efficiency drop did not affect NPY, estimating 693 \u00b1 28 NPY\/WS8, regardless of the evaluation time. Each newly installed machine was shown to add 540 NPY, while absorbing 0.78 \u00b1 0.04 WS8. The COVID-19 pandemic brought an overall reduction of 3.7% of patients and a reduction of 0.8 fractions\/patient, to mitigate patient crowding in the department. Conclusions: The evolution of therapy protocols towards hypo-fractionation was supported by the use of proper technology. The characteristics of this process were quantified considering time progression and organizational aspects. This strategy optimized resources while enabling broader access to advanced radiation therapy. To truly value the benefit of hypo-fractionation, a reimbursement policy should focus on the patient rather than individual treatment fractionation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T03:17:27Z","timestamp":1690168647000},"page":"7031-7042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Twenty Years of Advancements in a Radiotherapy Facility: Clinical Protocols, Technology, and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4791-0373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tomatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Mancosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Reggiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Lobefalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasqualina","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8706-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Lambri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Paganini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0023-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"La Fauci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bresolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Parabicoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pelizzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Service, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6913-1442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierina","family":"Navarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Franzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Lenoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Strategic Initiatives Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Scorsetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.07.007","article-title":"Technology for Innovation in Radiation 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