{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:40:48Z","timestamp":1790797248620,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe mucormycosis is a fatal disease rarely complicating chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. We present a fulminant and fatal case of a 74-year-old Caucasian woman suffering from CLL treated with second-generation BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib. After a first septic episode a month prior, originating from the lung with later systemic involvement by an unidentified agent and treated with large-spectrum antibiotics and fluconazonle, a slow-onset enlarging tender warm and erythematous nodular swollen cutaneous lesion appeared in her lower limbs and spread subsequently to her upper limbs, progressing towards central ulceration with a necrotic core. Suspecting a mycotic dissemination from an unknown agent, a skin punch biopsy was performed, and intraconazole was started. Due to spread of the skin lesions, the patient was hospitalized and intravenous liposomal ampthotericin B was started. Histopathology showed an atypical sporangium-rich mycotic angioinvasion of the small vessels. Only the increase of BDG and GM could corroborate the hypothesis of mycotic infection. However, long-term CLL, immunosuppressive therapies, neutropenia, and prior use of azoles and other antimycotic agents were risk factors for mucormycosis; BTK inhibitor could also be added as another novel risk factor. Despite all therapeutic efforts, the patient died. Post-mortem molecular exams confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30090599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T10:11:07Z","timestamp":1694081467000},"page":"8255-8265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Severe Fatal Mucormycosis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Treated with Zanubrutinib: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4008-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 61, 35121 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3081-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marny","family":"Fedrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Carturan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1222-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livio","family":"Trentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Alaibac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3578-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16096","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.96","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"3","author":"Kipps","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. 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