{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:23Z","timestamp":1787027903069,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research","award":["NIHR130581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR130581"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration","award":["NIHR130581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR130581"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is limited evidence in humans as to whether antibiotics impact the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Rodent studies have shown that disruption in gut microbiota due to antibiotics decreases cancer therapy effectiveness. We evaluated the associations between the antibiotic treatment of different time periods before cancer diagnoses and long-term mortality. Methods: Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, linked to the Cancer Registry\u2019s and the Office for National Statistics\u2019 mortality records, we delineated a study cohort that involved cancer patients who were prescribed antibiotics 0\u20133 months; 3\u201324 months; or more than 24 months before cancer diagnosis. Patients\u2019 exposure to antibiotics was compared according to the recency of prescriptions and time-to-event (all-cause mortality) by applying Cox models. Results: 111,260 cancer patients from England were included in the analysis. Compared with antibiotic prescriptions that were issued in the past, patients who had been prescribed antibiotics shortly before cancer diagnosis presented an increased hazard ratio (HR) for mortality. For leukaemia, the HR in the Cancer Registry was 1.32 (95% CI 1.16\u20131.51), for lymphoma it was 1.22 (1.08\u20131.36), for melanoma it was 1.28 (1.10\u20131.49), and for myeloma it was 1.19 (1.04\u20131.36). Increased HRs were observed for cancer of the uterus, bladder, and breast and ovarian and colorectal cancer. Conclusions: Antibiotics that had been issued within the three months prior to cancer diagnosis may reduce the effectiveness of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Judicious antibiotic prescribing is needed among cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30090614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:49:27Z","timestamp":1694753367000},"page":"8434-8443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Impact of Oral Antibiotics Prior to Cancer Diagnosis on Overall Patient Survival: Findings from an English Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0096-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Domzaridou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9363-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjeerd","family":"Van Staa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Renehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2606-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Science, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Welfare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Northwest, 3 Piccadilly Place, London Road, Manchester M1 3BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren M.","family":"Ashcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Palin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"},{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, University of Manchester, St Marys Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sender, R., Fuchs, S., and Milo, R. 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