{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:43:49Z","timestamp":1783039429126,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K07715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K07715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this retrospective study was to identify clinical predictors of early biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). A total of 670 high-risk PCa patients treated with CIRT and ADT were included in the study. Early BCR was defined as recurrence occurring during adjuvant ADT after CIRT or within 2 years after completion of ADT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinical predictors of early BCR. Patients were also classified according to the Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate cancer (STAMPEDE) PCa classification. Early BCR was observed in 5.4% of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified clinical T3b stage and \u226575% positive biopsy cores as clinical predictors of early BCR after CIRT and ADT. The STAMPEDE PCa classification was also significantly associated with early BCR based on univariate analysis. These predictors can help clinicians identify patients who are at risk of early BCR. In the future, combination therapy of ADT with abiraterone may be an option for high-risk PCa patients who are at risk of early BCR, based on the results of the STAMPEDE study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30100636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:49:14Z","timestamp":1695786554000},"page":"8815-8825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification of Early Biochemical Recurrence Predictors in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9423-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanobu","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"},{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-9787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Wakatsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9486-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Okonogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaoki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8637-4163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Akakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Japan Community Health-Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, 5-1 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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