{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:37:39Z","timestamp":1789609059586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast cancer (BC) represents a strong prognostic and predictive biomarker and directs therapeutic decisions in early and advanced stages. ER-low-positive BC, defined by the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of ERs from 1% to 9%, constitutes a distinct subset of total BC cases. Guidelines recommend that a low expression of ERs be reported in pathology reports since the benefit of endocrine therapy in patients with ER-low-positive BC is uncertain. Recently, several cohorts, mostly of a retrospective nature, have been published, reporting the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of ER-low-positive BC. However, the majority of the data focus on early-stage BC and the use of (neo)adjuvant therapy, and there is a significant lack of data regarding metastatic ER-low-positive BC. Further factors, including tumor heterogeneity as well as the potential loss of ER expression due to endocrine resistance, should be considered. Including patients with ER-low-positive BC in clinical trials for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) might improve the understanding of this entity and allow novel therapeutic approaches. The design and conduction of randomized clinical trials regarding this subgroup of patients are greatly anticipated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30110706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T15:41:41Z","timestamp":1699112501000},"page":"9734-9745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Estrogen-Receptor-Low-Positive Breast Cancer: Pathological and Clinical Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Christina Panagiotis","family":"Malainou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolina","family":"Stachika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini Konstantina","family":"Damianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2768-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristotelis","family":"Anastopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4796-7293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Ploumaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4297-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efthymios","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0143-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Drougkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1031-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Gomatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Kotteas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, \u201cSotiria\u201d General Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 152 Messogion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz173","article-title":"Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-updagger","volume":"30","author":"Cardoso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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