{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:51:17Z","timestamp":1760143877912,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Our aim was to examine the frequency and prescription pattern of breakthrough (BTO) and scheduled (SCH) opioids and their ratio (BTO\/SCH ratio) of use, prior to and after referral to an inpatient supportive care consult (SCC) for cancer pain management (CPM). Methods and Materials: Patients admitted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center and referred to a SCC were retrospectively reviewed. Cancer patients receiving SCH and BTO opioids for \u226524 h were eligible for inclusion. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including the type and route of SCH and BTO opioids, daily opioid doses (MEDDs) of SCH and BTO, and BTO\/SCH ratios were reviewed in patients seen prior to a SCC (pre-SCC) and during a SCC. A normal BTO ratio was defined as 0.5\u20130.2. Results: A total of 665\/728 (91%) patients were evaluable. Median pain scores (p &lt; 0.001), BTO MEDDs (p &lt; 0.001), scheduled opioid MEDDs (p &lt; 0.0001), and total MEDDs (p &lt; 0.0001) were higher, but the median number of BTO doses was fewer (2 vs. 4, p &lt; 0.001), among patients seen at SCC compared to pre-SCC. A BTO\/SCH ratio over the recommended ratio (&gt;0.2) was seen in 37.5% of patients. The BTO\/SCH ratios in the pre-SCC and SCC groups were 0.10 (0.04, 0.21) and 0.17 (0.10, 0.30), respectively, p &lt; 0.001. Hydromorphone and Morphine were the most common BTO and SCH opioids prescribed, respectively. Patients in the early supportive care group had higher pain scores and MEDDs. Conclusions: BTO\/SCH ratios are frequently prescribed higher than the recommended dose. Daily pain scores, BTO MEDDs, scheduled opioid MEDDs, and total MEDDs were higher among the SCC group than the pre-SCC group, but the number of BTO doses\/day was lower.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31030101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1709616679000},"page":"1335-1347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Scheduled and Breakthrough Opioid Use for Cancer Pain in an Inpatient Setting at a Tertiary Cancer Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7047-4792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Rozman de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahsan","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suresh K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanni","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Geller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0290-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Mill","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal J.","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bruera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sriram","family":"Yennurajalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-07491-8","article-title":"Pain prevalence and characteristics in survivors of solid cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Haenen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support. 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