{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1760144550511,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maintenance chemotherapy is a standard treatment in patients with non-progressive advance staged IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer after induction therapy. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man undergoing a maintenance monotherapy with pemetrexed who presented prolonged pancytopenia despite filgrastim injections. A bone marrow aspiration revealed a macrophage activation syndrome with Leishmania amastigotes. A Polymerase Chest Reaction testing confirmed the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B was started. Oncologists should bear in mind that visceral leishmaniasis in endemic areas can potentially induce severe and prolonged pancytopenia in immunosuppressed patients, during chemotherapy in particular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31040168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T09:15:20Z","timestamp":1713345320000},"page":"2274-2277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visceral Leishmaniasis Masquerading as Drug-Induced Pancytopenia in Lung Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Laroumagne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, H\u00f4pital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Tronchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, H\u00f4pital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Dutau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, H\u00f4pital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Astoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Pleural Diseases, and Interventional Pulmonology, H\u00f4pital Nord, Aix-Marseille University, 13015 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Faculty La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70063-3","article-title":"Maintenance therapy with PEM plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care after induction therapy with PEM plus cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (PARAMOUNT): A double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Dediu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2017.1323150","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniosis in immunocompromised host: An update and literature review","volume":"29","author":"Pagliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.10.005","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis: Recent Advances in Diagnostics and Treatment Regimens","volume":"33","author":"Diro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-84256","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"96","author":"Aronson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-017-0462-z","article-title":"Aplastic anemia in a lung adenocarcinoma patient receiving pemetrexed","volume":"35","author":"Matama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0568","article-title":"Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment and the Leishmaniases","volume":"101","author":"Berman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16663","article-title":"Leishmaniasis as an unusual cause of pancytopenia in a patient receiving immunomodulatory therapy for myeloma","volume":"190","author":"Camilleri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2287","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022787","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in patients with lymphoma: Case reports and review of the literature","volume":"99","author":"Kalmi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/31\/4\/168\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:29:01Z","timestamp":1760106541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/31\/4\/168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol31040168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol31040168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1718-7729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]}}}