{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:25Z","timestamp":1787027905512,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite sparse evidence and limited guidance on indications, use, and dosing, midazolam is widely used in palliative care. We aimed to describe and compare the use of midazolam in three different countries to improve clinical practice in palliative care. We performed an online survey among palliative care physicians in Norway, Denmark, and the United Kingdom (UK). The focus was indications, dosing, administration, and concomitant drugs. A web-based questionnaire was distributed to members of the respective national palliative medicine associations. The total response rate was 9.4%. Practices in the UK, Norway, and Denmark were overall similar regarding the indications of midazolam for anxiety, dyspnoea, and pain treatment in combination with opioids. However, physicians in the UK used a higher starting dose for anxiety, dyspnoea, and pain treatment compared to Norway and Denmark, as well as a higher maximum dose. Danish physicians preferred, to a higher degree, on-demand midazolam administration. Despite practice similarities in the UK, Norway, and Denmark, differences exist for midazolam dosing and administration in palliative medicine. We demonstrated a lack of consensus on how midazolam should be used in palliative care, setting the stage for future studies on the topic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31070305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T14:16:38Z","timestamp":1721398598000},"page":"4093-4104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Midazolam Indications and Dosing in Palliative Medicine: Results from a Multinational Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6730-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Tranung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Trondheim Hospital Pharmacy, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tora Skeidsvoll","family":"Solheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Cancer Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"L\u00f8hre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Cancer Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristoffer","family":"Marsaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multidisease, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014North Zealand, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagny","family":"Faksv\u00e5g Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Centre of Excellence for Palliative Care, Western Norway, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine K1, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Laird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Thron\u00e6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Cancer Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Due Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview","volume":"149","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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