{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:42:08Z","timestamp":1775576528265,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Hematology Research and Education Fund"},{"name":"Calgary Health Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the evaluation of a patient\u2019s primary hematologic malignancy, positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) imaging may incidentally detect a concerning abnormality suggestive of a second concurrent cancer. Despite accounting for nearly 10% of all cancers diagnosed in Canada, there has yet to be a systematic review focused on the prevalence and significance of these incidental PET\/CT findings in the context of primary hematologic malignancies. As such, a systematic search strategy was employed on MEDLINE and Embase to document the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental PET\/CT findings suggestive of a second concurrent cancer detected in patients evaluated for their primary hematologic malignancy. Thirteen studies published between 2008 and 2022 were reviewed, including conference abstracts (n = 8) and journal articles (n = 5). Clinically significant incidental cancers were detected with a median of 2.4% (range: 1.1\u201310.3%) in patients with myeloma\/plasma cell disorders, compared to a median of 1.5% (range: 0.3\u20132.8%) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The most common anatomic regions of clinically significant incidental malignancies were identified in the gastrointestinal tract (44.4%), followed by the thyroid gland (22.2%) and lungs (7.9%). In most cases, early detection of incidental cancers led to successful early interventions. PET\/CT scans occasionally identify second primary malignancies that require additional attention. These findings may affect the treatment of a patient\u2019s primary hematologic malignancy, and as such, timely coordinated management is important for improved outcomes. This review may inform physicians and administrators of the risk of incidental second malignancies and may highlight a need for enhanced cancer treatment pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31120550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T07:40:32Z","timestamp":1732606832000},"page":"7445-7458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Significance of Incidental PET\/CT Findings of Cancer Detected in Patients Evaluated for Their Primary Hematologic Malignancy: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jessie","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nizar J.","family":"Bahlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9294-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor H.","family":"Jimenez-Zepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"McCulloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada"},{"name":"Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Haematological cancers","volume":"30","author":"Pearce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs. 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