{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:54:03Z","timestamp":1781020443717,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9seau de recherche en intervention en sciences infirmi\u00e8res du Qu\u00e9bec (Quebec Network on Nursing Intervention Research)","award":["R0020150-RRISIQ-FRQ-S #26674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R0020150-RRISIQ-FRQ-S #26674"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Returning to and sustaining employment after cancer presents significant challenges for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC). While vocational rehabilitation and workplace accommodations are critical, existing return to work (RTW) assessments lack cancer-specific considerations, limiting their clinical and occupational utility. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Cancer and Work Scale (CAWSE), a psychometrically robust tool designed to assess RTW likelihood and employment sustainability among ITBC, while also providing avenues for targeted interventions. Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted. Study I (n = 130) assessed content validity and construct development, leading to a refined 43-item CAWSE. Study II (n = 216) employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish structural validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Additional validation included correlations with fatigue, cognitive difficulties, depression, and anxiety. Results: Factor analysis supported a seven-factor structure with 31 final items. The CAWSE demonstrated good internal consistency (\u03b1 = 0.787), construct validity, and moderate responsiveness (AUC = 0.659). High sensitivity allowed for accurate identification of RTW difficulties, with an established cut-off score of 123.5 on the total CAWSE. Implications: The CAWSE fills a critical gap in oncology-specific vocational rehabilitation, offering healthcare providers a validated tool for targeted interventions to enhance RTW outcomes and long-term employment sustainability for ITBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32030166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:46:46Z","timestamp":1741942006000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Cancer and Work Scale (CAWSE): Assessing Return to Work Likelihood and Employment Sustainability After Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8704-8207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Maheu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 2M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1614-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing Lam","family":"Tock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de L\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, \u00c9cole de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3N 1X9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3A 2M7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vodermaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Dolgoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-019-00828-z","article-title":"Return to work after a cancer diagnosis: A meta-review of reviews and a meta-synthesis of recent qualitative studies","volume":"14","author":"Butow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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