{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:58:48Z","timestamp":1791255528253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment for prostate cancer (PC). Accurate delineation of organs at risk (OARs) is crucial for optimizing the therapeutic window by minimizing side effects. Manual segmentation is time-consuming and prone to inter-operator variability. This study investigates the performance of Limbus\u00ae Contour\u00ae (LC), a deep learning-based auto-contouring software, in delineating pelvic structures in PC patients. Methods: We evaluated LC\u2019s performance on key structures (bowel bag, bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, and pelvic lymph nodes) in 52 patients. We compared auto-contoured structures with those manually delineated by radiation oncologists using different metrics. Results: LC achieved good agreement for the bladder (median Dice: 0.95) and rectum (median Dice: 0.83). However, limitations were observed for the bowel bag (median Dice: 0.64) and sigmoid colon (median Dice: 0.6), with inclusion of irrelevant structures. While the median Dice for pelvic lymph nodes was acceptable (0.73), the software lacked sub-regional differentiation, limiting its applicability in certain other oncologic settings. Conclusions: LC shows promise for automating OAR delineation in prostate radiotherapy, particularly for the bladder and rectum. Improvements are needed for bowel bag, sigmoid colon, and lymph node sub-regionalization. Further validation with a broader and larger patient cohort is recommended to assess generalizability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32060321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T08:07:58Z","timestamp":1748592478000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can Deep Learning-Based Auto-Contouring Software Achieve Accurate Pelvic Volume Delineation in Volumetric Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer? A Preliminary Multicentric Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Grossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Umberto Parini Hospital, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bonavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Umberto Parini Hospital, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eulalie Joelle Tondji","family":"Ngassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Garibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Umberto Parini Hospital, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Airaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Celia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Umberto Parini Hospital, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Nassisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6467-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Brignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Umberto Parini Hospital, 11100 Aosta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Trino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavinia","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Leardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Bongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5263-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia Ruo","family":"Redda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21332","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Siegel","year":"2016","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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