{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:09:18Z","timestamp":1787497758406,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82350106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82350106"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021JJG140008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJG140008"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022AB15002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AB15002"]}]},{"name":"Special Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["82350106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82350106"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2021JJG140008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJG140008"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2022AB15002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AB15002"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["82350106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82350106"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["2021JJG140008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJG140008"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["2022AB15002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AB15002"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["82350106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82350106"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["2021JJG140008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJG140008"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["2022AB15002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AB15002"]}]},{"name":"Scientific and Technological Innovation Major Base of Guangxi","award":["2022-36-Z05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-36-Z05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b3\u03b4 T cells are among the first line of defense in the immune system, playing a crucial role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Although \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are crucial for tumor immune surveillance, the complete mechanism by which \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptors identify molecular targets in target cells remains unknown. Target cells can produce phosphoantigens (PAgs) via the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The BTN3A1\u2013BTN2A1 complex undergoes conformational changes in its extracellular domains upon binding to PAgs, leading to V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cell recognition. However, the structural basis of how V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells recognize changes in this complex remains elusive. This review provides a detailed overview of the historical progress and recent discoveries regarding how V\u03b39V\u03b42 T cells recognize and target tumor cells. We also discuss the potential of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells immunotherapy and their role as antitumor agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32060329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1748931711000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanisms and Functions of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells in Tumor Cell Recognition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintong","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8624-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Therangstics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Major New Drugs Innovation and Development, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The Evolving Tumor Microenvironment: From Cancer Initiation to Metastatic Outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"Joyce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007981","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007981","article-title":"Gamma Delta T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Biology and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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