{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:46:51Z","timestamp":1782877611838,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The treatment efficacy of prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy (RT) can be inadvertently affected by the concurrent usage of non-oncologic medications. Many studies have associated the intake of several non-oncologic drugs with cancer specific outcomes. In this study, we report the impact of daily non-oncologic medications including aspirin, metformin, and statins on time to progression for patients with high-risk PCa. Methods: Patients with high- and very high risk PCa (NCCN definition of Gleason score \u2265 8, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) \u2265 20, or \u2265cT3a) who received definitive RT at two institutions were included in this analysis. Progression was defined as either biochemical (PSA &gt; nadir + 2 ng\/mL), locoregional (prostate or lymph nodes, biopsy-proven), or development of distant metastases. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time elapsed from the start of RT to progression or last follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the associations between non-oncologic medications and PFS. Results: There were 237 patients eligible for this analysis, of which 47 (19.8%) and 178 (75.1%) had at least clinical T3 disease or at least Gleason 8 disease, respectively. During RT, 82 (34.6%), 88 (37.1%), and 29 (12.2%) patients were taking aspirin, statin, or metformin, respectively. Overall, 54 patients (22.8%) experienced disease progression. Neither aspirin nor statin usage had a significant association with PFS. Patients prescribed metformin displayed worse PFS compared to patients not taking metformin (aHR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.06\u20135.72). Conclusions: Aspirin and statin usage was not associated with likelihood of progression in this large cohort of patients with high-\/very high risk PCa. Metformin use was associated with poorer PFS, albeit with a small event rate due to fewer patients taking metformin. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of common non-oncologic medication use on outcomes for patients with high-risk PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32060353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:40:27Z","timestamp":1750056027000},"page":"353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating the Impact of Common Non-Oncologic Medication Use During Radiotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8667-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haley K.","family":"Perlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karishma","family":"Khullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0982-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Sasmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yevgeniya","family":"Gokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayssy A.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0485-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul R.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Clinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Jui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 460 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3816\/CGC.2005.n.034","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2: A therapeutic target for prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Pruthi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. 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