{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:39:00Z","timestamp":1775554740244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of lung cancer characterized by rapid growth and early metastases. As a neuroendocrine tumour, SCLC is especially notorious for various paraneoplastic syndromes, one of which is a rare neurological syndrome called paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) that manifests with amnestic cognitive impairment and seizures. Here, we describe a case of a 53-year-old female who presented with neuropsychiatric symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and cognitive impairment that started months prior to being diagnosed with extensive-stage SCLC. With no previous neuropsychiatric history, this raised the question of whether her presentation was related to PLE rather than a primary psychiatric condition, as initially diagnosed. Her symptoms improved with chemotherapy and radiation treatment of the underlying cancer, favouring a paraneoplastic etiology. Overall, this case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in patients presenting with new neuropsychiatric symptoms, as early recognition and treatment can improve prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32060366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T08:43:58Z","timestamp":1750322638000},"page":"366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Neuropsychiatric Prelude to Unveiling Small Cell Lung Cancer with Suspected Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jessa","family":"Letargo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X. Melody","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy K.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3931-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Kuruvilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enxhi","family":"Kotrri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00312-3","article-title":"Lung Cancer","volume":"398","author":"Thai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21785","article-title":"Clinical Insights into Small Cell Lung Cancer: Tumor Heterogeneity, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Future Directions","volume":"73","author":"Megyesfalvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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