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Despite its oncological efficacy, this treatment paradigm frequently induces radiation-induced brain injury (RBI), a progressive neuropathological condition characterized by structural and functional damage to healthy cerebral parenchyma. Patients with RBI frequently develop affective disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, which profoundly impair psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, and white matter damage. Current management strategies include antidepressants, corticosteroids, and neuroprotective agents, while emerging therapies targeting neuroinflammation and neural repair show promise. This review comprehensively examines the pathogenesis of RBI-related affective disorders and evaluates both conventional and novel treatment approaches. By synthesizing current evidence, we aim to provide insights for developing more effective interventions to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32080419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T09:53:02Z","timestamp":1753696382000},"page":"419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Depression and Anxiety After Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: A Review of Current Research Progress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rundong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.08.020","article-title":"Infant Brain Tumors: Incidence, Survival, and the Role of Radiation Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (Seer) Data","volume":"82","author":"Bishop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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