{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:20:20Z","timestamp":1791375620748,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although evidence suggests adiposity as a modifiable risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (BC), its association with premenopausal BC remains uncertain. This potential differential relationship for menopausal status has been insufficiently investigated in the Moroccan population due to limited data. This study aims to assess the relationship between various indicators of adiposity and the risk of BC among Moroccan women by menopausal status. A multicenter case-control study was conducted in Morocco between December 2019 and August 2023, including 1400 incident BC cases and 1400 matched controls. Detailed measures of adiposity and self-reported measures from different life stages were collected. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between body size indicators and the risk of BC, adjusting for a range of known risk factors for BC. Higher waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were associated with an increased risk of BC in both pre- (p-trend &lt; 0.001 for both WC and HC) and post-menopausal women (p-trend &lt; 0.001 for WC, 0.002 for HC). Current body mass index (BMI) \u226530 kg\/m2 increased the risk of postmenopausal BC (p-trend = 0.012). Among postmenopausal women, higher weight at age 20 was positively associated with BC risk (p-trend &lt; 0.001), while, weight at age 30 was significantly associated with increased BC risk in both pre- (p-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (p-trend = 0.028). Interestingly, weight gain since age 20 was inversely associated with BC risk in postmenopausal women in the adjusted model (p-trend = 0.006). Young-adult BMI observed a significant increased trend with BC risk in both pre- (p-trend = 0.008) and post-menopausal women (p-trend &lt; 0.001). In premenopausal women, larger body shape during childhood and early adulthood was positively associated with BC risk (p-trend = 0.01 and = 0.011, respectively). In postmenopausal women, larger childhood and adolescent body silhouettes were also associated with increased BC risk (p-trend = 0.045 and 0.047, respectively). These results suggest that anthropometric factors may have different associations with pre- and post-menopausal BC among Moroccan women. This underscores the importance of conducting large prospective studies to better understand these findings and explore their links to different molecular subtypes of BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32080434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T16:41:54Z","timestamp":1754325714000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anthropometry and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Moroccan Women: A Large Multicentric Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7822-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najia","family":"Mane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30070, Morocco"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4111-1116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najoua","family":"Lamchabbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"},{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1072-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siham","family":"Mrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Research of Cancer and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Saidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory \u201cIKLAA\u201d of Law, Philosophy and Society, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9856-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaimaa","family":"Elattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"},{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69366 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Center of Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR 1018, Inserm, Paris South, Paris Saclay University, 94805 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"El M\u2019rabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Research of Cancer and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adil","family":"Najdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Research of Cancer and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nawfel","family":"Mellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Fez 30050, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Bendahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 9154, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1464-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lahcen","family":"Belyamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"},{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boutayeb","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat 6213, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"El Rhazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30070, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9610-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chakib","family":"Nejjari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fez, Fez 51, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69366 Lyon, France"},{"name":"French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (Nacre Network), 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Research, Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat 10112, Morocco"},{"name":"Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat 10000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 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