{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:07:25Z","timestamp":1784747245807,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the high prevalence of malignant pericardial effusions (MPEs), the differences in mortality between those undergoing pericardiocentesis for MPE versus non-malignancy pericardial effusions (NMPEs) are not well characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to compare clinical outcomes following pericardiocentesis among patients with MPE and NMPE. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to identify all hospitalizations during which pericardiocentesis was performed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020 (total n = 174,776,205). This cohort was further stratified based on the presence or absence of malignancy. The primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included discharge disposition (categorized as non-home discharges), length of stay, and total hospitalization costs. Results: A total of 85,125 patients with pericardial effusions undergoing pericardiocentesis were identified. Patients with an MPE (n = 24,740) were younger and more likely to have a history of malnutrition, prior radiation, palliative care treatments, and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders compared to those with an NMPE (n = 60,385). Lung cancer was the most common malignancy (40.3%) in patients with an MPE requiring pericardiocentesis. The in-hospital mortality following pericardiocentesis was 11.8% in patients with malignancy and 8.2% in patients without (odds ratio (OR) for mortality 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34\u20131.68, p &lt; 0.001). Lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, and leukemia were associated with a significantly increased risk of death during the same admission. Non-home discharge, length of stay, and total hospitalization cost were marginally greater in those with an MPE. Conclusions: In patients undergoing pericardiocentesis, those with an MPE had significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to those with an NMPE. Additionally, the MPE group had a marginally longer length of stay and incurred higher total hospital costs. Further research is warranted to explore optimal treatment strategies for MPEs, particularly in patients with a limited life expectancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32090514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T11:51:43Z","timestamp":1757937103000},"page":"514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In-Hospital Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Pericardiocentesis for Pericardial Effusion with and Without Malignancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Young","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Banna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1390-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiun-Ruey","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Trinity Health of New England, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamas A.","family":"Mamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Nanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Setaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9997-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Elissa","family":"Altin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000199556.69588.8e","article-title":"Large symptomatic pericardial effusion as the presentation of unrecognized cancer: A study in 173 consecutive patients undergoing pericardiocentesis","volume":"85","author":"Bank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.00.745","article-title":"Abnormal cytology predicts poor prognosis in cancer pa-tients with pericardial effusion","volume":"23","author":"Gornik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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