{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:00:28Z","timestamp":1784091628094,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Japan, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany","award":["10.13039\/100009945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.13039\/100009945"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avelumab maintenance therapy is approved in Japan for patients with aUC without progression after PBC. This report presents subgroup analysis data from the JAVEMACS chart review of avelumab maintenance in patients who received 1L ddMVAC and GC. This retrospective study reviewed medical charts of patients with aUC (February 2021\u2013December 2023). Overall, 350 patients (ddMVAC, n = 32 and GC, n = 196) were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two PBC groups. Median duration from PBC start to avelumab start was 13.2 and 21.1 weeks; median overall survival (OS) was not reached (both groups), progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.0 and 7.4 months, and PFS2 was 27.6 and 21.3 months for the ddMVAC and GC groups, respectively. At data cutoff (June 2024), 25.0% of patients in the ddMVAC and 17.3% in the GC groups were ongoing avelumab treatment. Second-line treatments included EV (64.3% ddMVAC; 64.5% GC), pembrolizumab (21.4% ddMVAC; 8.3% GC), and PBC (14.3% ddMVAC and 21.5% GC). This real-world data from patients with aUC in Japan showed consistent OS patterns with avelumab maintenance across treatment subgroups vs. the overall population despite their inherent heterogeneity. Although patients were not resistant to PBC, 2L EV was more common than 2L PBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32110618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T17:06:06Z","timestamp":1762362366000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Multicenter Retrospective Study of Avelumab First-Line Maintenance and Subsequent Therapies for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Subgroup Analysis of First-Line Dose-Dense Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin, and Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin in the Japan AVElumab MAintenance and Continuous Treatment Study (JAVEMACS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1017-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaomi","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1507-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2229-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyoshi","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikiya","family":"Taoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 760-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1298-3273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiyoaki","family":"Nishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Ikarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6104-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sei","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4608-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Shono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo 106-0041, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4041-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tohru","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1624-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13376","article-title":"Epidemiology of urothelial carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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