{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:23:14Z","timestamp":1762924994558,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015545","name":"Seerave Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Sant\u00e9"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019889","name":"Weston Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019889","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Canadian Cancer Society"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009326","name":"Cancer Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"SITC-MRA Women in Melanoma Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gut microbiome is an established predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma, and antibiotic exposure prior to ICI initiation is a validated negative prognostic factor. About half of melanoma patients harbor BRAF mutations and are treated with BRAF\/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi\/MEKi). While the detrimental impact of antibiotics is well described in the ICI setting, their effect on BRAFi\/MEKi efficacy remains unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 49 advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma patients treated with BRAFi\/MEKi. Antibiotic-exposed patients were compared with non-exposed patients across three time windows: within 30, 60, or 90 days before and after therapy initiation. Outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and overall response rate (ORR). Among the cohort, 41% had antibiotic exposure within \u00b130 days, 53% within \u00b160 days, and 57% within \u00b190 days. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, except for worse ECOG scores in antibiotic-exposed patients. Across all windows, ORR, PFS, and OS were comparable between groups. Unlike what was observed in the ICI setting, antibiotic use did not negatively affect outcomes with BRAFi\/MEKi. Despite small sample size, these findings suggest that the detrimental prognostic impact of antibiotics is specific to immunotherapy, highlighting the importance of evaluating the microbiome as a predictive biomarker across treatment contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32110630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:07:31Z","timestamp":1762787251000},"page":"630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic Exposure Does Not Impact Anti-BRAF\/Anti-MEK Targeted Therapy Outcome in Patients with Advanced Melanoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0022-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Shi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-6800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing Yin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexia Erika","family":"Moise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamida Claudia","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3613-2210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Soberano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiam","family":"Belkaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriem","family":"Messaoudene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"B\u00e9langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9382-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Desilets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahima","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Routy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Elkrief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada"},{"name":"Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 1R6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00766","article-title":"Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer","volume":"417","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.4327","article-title":"Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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