{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:37:52Z","timestamp":1784907472485,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The ability to derive growth from a traumatic event, such as a cancer diagnosis, can facilitate effective adaptation to the challenges associated with cancer survivorship. Objective: In two studies, we investigated the possible cognitive mechanisms explaining the relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth in female survivors of breast cancer. Specifically, Study 1 examined the role of interpretation bias, and Study 2 examined the role of cognitive restructuring of trauma. Methods: In Study 1, 113 participants completed questionnaires assessing stress- and anxiety-related symptomatology, post-traumatic stress and growth, perceived cognitive functioning, and positive interpretation bias. In Study 2, 117 participants completed questionnaires assessing stress and anxiety-related symptoms, rumination, perceived cognitive functioning, cognitive restructuring of trauma, and post-traumatic stress and growth. Results: In both studies, post-traumatic stress was negatively related to post-traumatic growth. In Study 1, positive interpretation bias explained a significant amount of variance in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth, with perceived cognitive functioning moderating the relationship between interpretation bias and post-traumatic growth. In Study 2, cognitive restructuring explained a significant amount of variance in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth, with deliberate rumination moderating the effects of cognitive restructuring on post-traumatic growth. Conclusions: Cognitive mechanisms are key to understanding the relationship between post-traumatic stress and growth and should be targeted in interventions to improve cognitive flexibility and resilience among breast cancer survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32120666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:56:02Z","timestamp":1764323762000},"page":"666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cognitive Mechanisms Explaining the Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress and Post-Traumatic Growth in Survivors of Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Vida","family":"Mirabolfathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran 1658344575, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ayoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran 1658344575, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran 1658344575, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran 1658344575, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1534-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Jobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazanin","family":"Derakshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK"},{"name":"The Growth and Resilience in Trauma Centre (GRiT), National Centre for Integrative Oncology (NCIO), Reading RG10 9XQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010","article-title":"Current and future burden of breast cancer: Global statistics for 2020 and 2040","volume":"66","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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