{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:50:51Z","timestamp":1790013051645,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To assess the outcomes of a modified surgical approach for the treatment of uveal melanoma involving endoresection with intentional residual tumor at the margins, combined with adjuvant ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. This technique aims to reduce surgical morbidity, while preserving visual function and maintaining effective local tumor control and survival. We conducted a retrospective observational study including 33 patients with choroidal melanoma treated between January 2017 and August 2024 at a single tertiary ocular oncology center in Spain. Patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and endoresection leaving residual tumor followed by ruthenium-106 brachytherapy. Clinical, functional, and oncological outcomes were analyzed, including tumor recurrence, metastasis, visual acuity, complications, and cytogenetic findings. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis was used to estimate survival and recurrence rates. After a mean follow-up of 41.7 months, local tumor recurrence occurred in 2 patients (6.06%) and enucleation was performed in 1 patient (3.03%). Two patients (6.06%) developed metastases, with one disease-specific death, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of 97%. Visual acuity of 20\/200 or better was preserved in 60.61% of patients. The most frequent complications were retinal detachment (36.36%) and macular edema (45.45%). Cytogenetic analysis showed a significant association between chromosome 1p loss and both recurrence and metastasis (p = 0.032). No cases of phthisis bulbi or severe hypotony were observed. This modified endoresection technique with intentional tumor residuals and adjuvant ruthenium-106 brachytherapy offers a safe and function-preserving option for selected patients with choroidal melanoma. It achieves good tumor control and visual outcomes, with a low rate of enucleation and metastasis. Further studies are required to validate its long-term efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32120688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T17:35:17Z","timestamp":1764956117000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endoresection in Choroidal Melanoma: Outcomes of Intentional Incomplete Tumor Removal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Anduaga-Beramendi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8093-822X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Caminal-Caram\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Santa Creu and Sant Pau Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7545-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8343-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-2519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milagros","family":"Mateos-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7985-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Garcia-Bru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Morwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Garcia-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9563-0344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep M.","family":"Caminal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14214","article-title":"Current management of uveal melanoma: A review","volume":"51","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzini, C., Vicini, G., Di Leo, L., Massi, D., Rizzo, S., and Giansanti, F. (2023). Anatomical and Functional Outcomes after Endoresection and Adjuvant Ruthenium Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanoma. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2100828\/v3"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-317949","article-title":"Patients Presenting with Metastases: Stage IV Uveal Melanoma, an International Study","volume":"106","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. 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