{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:06:57Z","timestamp":1784203617293,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped melanoma care, yielding durable remissions even in high-risk stages. As survival improves, fertility becomes a key survivorship concern for young women, yet the reproductive safety of ICIs remains insufficiently characterised. We performed a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis synthesizing preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the rationale for fertility preservation (FP) prior to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Preclinical models of PD-1\/CTLA-4 blockade demonstrate ovarian immune activation, cytokine release (e.g., TNF-\u03b1), and follicular loss. Conversely, human data are limited to correlative analyses suggesting potential declines in ovarian reserve markers. In conclusion, while prospective studies are required to definitively quantify risk, proactive fertility preservation counselling should be routinely offered prior to treatment initiation to safeguard reproductive autonomy without compromising oncologic safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32120702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1765543951000},"page":"702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Should Fertility Preservation Be Offered to Young Women with Melanoma Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors? A SWOT Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3235-4378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-8271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Miscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5443-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Raffone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3143-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Maletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4843-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola Valeria","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8591-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Comito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Vicenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9046-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Pazzaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5886-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Bertoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cobellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7487-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Seracchioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27616","article-title":"International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953\u20132008\u2014Are recent generations at higher or lower risk?","volume":"132","author":"Erdmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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