{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1771048979443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 CA 009599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA 009599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007313","name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 CA016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Capecitabine\/temozolomide (CAPTEM) is an established regimen for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) that is being increasingly used for tumor volume reduction in patients with borderline anatomically resectable disease. We sought to understand the response of the primary tumor, defined as changes in the tumor\u2013vascular interface (TVI). This is a retrospective, single-institution study of patients with locally advanced or metastatic PanNET treated with CAPTEM between 2010 and 2020. RECISTv1.1 measurements and TVI assessments of the primary tumor were performed on pre- and post-therapy images. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic PanNET at presentation (n = 47) were included. CAPTEM was given for a median of 11 cycles. The most common site of metastatic disease was the liver (n = 38). An objective radiographic response in the primary tumor was observed in 6.4% (95% CI 1.7\u201318.6%) with clinical benefit in 70.2% (95% CI 54.9\u201382.2%). TVI was modified from &gt;180\u00b0 to \u2264180\u00b0 in 16.2% (95% CI 6.0\u201345.5%). Paired analysis of patients pre- and post-CAPTEM did not demonstrate a statistically significant shift in TVI with treatment (p = 0.134). A total of four patients had a change from an unresectable primary tumor to an anatomically resectable tumor following CAPTEM. In patients with locally advanced or metastatic PanNET, treatment with CAPTEM is associated with low radiographic response rates and changes in TVI. The degree to which these changes may correlate with surgical resection rates or R0 resections is not known. Extending these investigations in a cohort of PanNET patients offered CAPTEM for neoadjuvant intent could be helpful to understand whether these phenomena persist in that context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33020111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T09:48:34Z","timestamp":1770889714000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary Tumor Size and Tumor\u2013Vessel Interface Following Capecitabine and Temozolomide for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Cancer & Blood Specialists, New York, NY 11776, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kever A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-2361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2936-0291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajaykumar","family":"Morani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew H. G.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6035-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Wei D.","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naruhiko","family":"Ikoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandrikha","family":"Chandrasekharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Dasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2515798","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.15798","article-title":"Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the US","volume":"8","author":"Dasari","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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