{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:04:08Z","timestamp":1771236248933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sacrum is a common site for a wide range of pathological processes, including benign and malignant tumors as well as non-neoplastic conditions. Accurate diagnosis of sacral lesions remains challenging due to overlapping imaging features and the anatomical complexity of the region. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sacral lesions, with emphasis on imaging characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and clinical implications. Key imaging findings are highlighted to help narrow the differential diagnosis. While certain imaging patterns may suggest specific etiologies, image-guided biopsy is often necessary for definitive diagnosis. Familiarity with the spectrum of sacral pathologies is essential for radiologists to effectively contribute to diagnosis, patient management, and multidisciplinary care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33020115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T08:38:39Z","timestamp":1771231119000},"page":"115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Chordoma: A Comprehensive Review of Sacral Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1372-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor Garbin","family":"Savarese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4764-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Papalexis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, ARNAS G. Brotzu\u2014Businco Oncologic Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus de Andrade","family":"Hernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6739-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello Henrique","family":"Nogueira-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-090, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.15.2.13","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the sacrum","volume":"15","author":"Randall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg. 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