{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T17:34:12Z","timestamp":1781976852526,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003770","name":"Bank of Italy","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2203159\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2203159\/23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"AstraZeneca","award":["1100\/15\/10\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1100\/15\/10\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Fondazione Peppino Scoppa","award":["302\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Evidence on modifiable post-diagnosis factors influencing outcomes after intravesical Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) therapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is limited. In this exploratory, feasibility-focused prospective multicenter cohort (March 2023\u2013November 2024), BCG-na\u00efve patients completed repeated interviewer-administered 24 h dietary recalls; prespecified food groups, selected foods, and nutrients were screened for associations with 1-year intravesical recurrence using Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression adjusted a priori for age, sex, and total energy intake, with false discovery rate control within each exposure family. Forty-six patients were enrolled; 41 had evaluable recurrence status, including 8 recurrences (19.5%). Participants were predominantly overweight (mean body mass index (BMI) 28.4 kg\/m2) and had low adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (median Mediterranean Adequacy Index 2.25). No dietary exposure met the within-family false discovery rate threshold; the smallest q-value was 0.361. Nominal inverse associations were observed for leafy green vegetables (OR per 1 SD 0.385; 95% CI 0.101\u20130.972) and for energy-adjusted zinc (OR 0.280; 95% CI 0.069\u20130.802) and magnesium intakes (OR 0.260; 95% CI 0.045\u20130.872), but these did not remain significant after FDR adjustment. These exploratory signals warrant replication in larger, biomarker-informed cohorts incorporating dietary biomarkers and immune profiling during BCG. Given the limited sample size and low number of recurrence events, these findings are strictly hypothesis-generating and should not be interpreted as evidence of definitive protective or risk dietary factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33020128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T08:58:21Z","timestamp":1771837101000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BLOSSOM Dietary Habits and 1-Year Intravesical Recurrence in High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with BCG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Buonerba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS\u2015Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3157-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Baio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Umberto I, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4315-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felice","family":"Crocetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology and Andrology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-4646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Bruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Nacchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8648-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Chiancone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Ingenito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Strianese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS\u2015Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS\u2015Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7410-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Scafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS\u2015Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sanseverino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Umberto I, Nocera Inferiore, 84014 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3570-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, Via Francesco de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P.O. \u201cSantissima Maria della Piet\u00e0\u201d Hospital, 80026 Casoria, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4043-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Carino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, San Paolo Hospital ASL Napoli 1 Centro, 80125 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Verze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Di Lauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Uro-Ginecologica, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori \u201cFondazione G. Pascale\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisto","family":"Perdon\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Woman Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ruffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e di Scienze della Salute \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d, 86100 Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Barbato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cAnastasia Guerriero\u201d Hospital, Caserta Local Health Authority, Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Rizzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione \u201cPeppino Scoppa\u201d, Angri, 84012 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rizzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione \u201cPeppino Scoppa\u201d, Angri, 84012 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Pisapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione \u201cPeppino Scoppa\u201d, Angri, 84012 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Pisapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione \u201cPeppino Scoppa\u201d, Angri, 84012 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Di Trolio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Sergianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, A.O.R.N. Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cappuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Sosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate, ASL Salerno, 84134 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Unit, \u201cAndrea Tortora\u201d Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione O.R.A. ETS\u2015Oncology Research Assistance, 84134 Salerno, Italy"},{"name":"School of Medicine, UniCamillus \u201cSaint Camillus International\u201d University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.08.010","article-title":"European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (Ta, T1, and Carcinoma in Situ)","volume":"81","author":"Babjuk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.1196","article-title":"The management of BCG failure in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An update","volume":"3","author":"Zlotta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004070","article-title":"The influence of dietary isothiocyanates on the effectiveness of mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin in treating nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"212","author":"Kwan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31214","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of recurrence and progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"142","author":"Westhoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2014). Guidance on the EU Menu methodology. EFSA J., 12, 3944.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2014.3944"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mistura, L., Azcarraga, F.J.C., D\u2019Addezio, L., Le Donne, C., Martone, D., Piccinelli, R., and Sette, S. (2025). Comparing Self-Administered Web-Based to Interviewer-Led 24-h Dietary Recall (FOODCONS): An Italian Pilot Case Study. Dietetics, 4.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202503.1251.v1"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.12.2546","article-title":"Sources of variance in 24-hour dietary recall data: Implications for nutrition study design and interpretation","volume":"32","author":"Beaton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011","article-title":"Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: A review of the theory","volume":"106","author":"Dodd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003648","article-title":"Two non-consecutive 24 h recalls using EPIC-Soft software are sufficiently valid for comparing protein and potassium intake between five European centres\u2014results from the European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) study","volume":"105","author":"Crispim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/80.1.27","article-title":"Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates","volume":"80","author":"Firth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Heinze, G., Ploner, M., Dunkler, D., and Southworth, H. (2025, December 20). logistf: Firth\u2019s Bias-Reduced Logistic Regression. R Package Version 1.26.1. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=logistf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"R Core Team (2025). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31020079","article-title":"BCG and alternative therapies to BCG therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer","volume":"31","author":"Lidagoster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000073852.24341.4a","article-title":"Immune mechanisms in Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer","volume":"170","author":"Brandau","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abou Chakra, M., Luo, Y., Duquesne, I., and O\u2019Donnell, M.A. (2024). Update on the Mechanism of Action of Intravesical BCG Therapy to Treat Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.), 29.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2908295"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005518","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-005518","article-title":"Intravesical BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer induces trained immunity and decreases respiratory infections","volume":"11","author":"Novakovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1407S","article-title":"Zinc-altered immune function and cytokine production","volume":"130","author":"Rink","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00033.Prasad","article-title":"Zinc in human health: Effect of zinc on immune cells","volume":"14","author":"Prasad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02754-2","article-title":"Absolute basophil count is associated with time to recurrence in patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer receiving Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor","volume":"38","author":"Ferro","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e759","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000759","article-title":"Fruits and vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"94","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-04867-z","article-title":"High risk of non-cancer mortality in bladder cancer patients: Evidence from SEER-Medicaid","volume":"149","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004557","article-title":"Mediterranean Adequacy Index of Italian diets","volume":"7","author":"Fidanza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urpr.2017.02.012","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and recurrence of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer following Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin treatment","volume":"5","author":"Lenis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2397-1","article-title":"An increased body mass index is associated with a worse prognosis in patients administered BCG immunotherapy for T1 bladder cancer","volume":"37","author":"Ferro","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2022.12.022","article-title":"Adherence to lifestyle recommendations after non-muscle invasive bladder cancer diagnosis and risk of recurrence","volume":"117","author":"Hof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02346-6","article-title":"An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer","volume":"60","author":"Morze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"230","article-title":"American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors","volume":"72","author":"Rock","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.02.005","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical Nutrition in cancer","volume":"40","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.324","article-title":"The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes","volume":"88","author":"Moshfegh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.083238","article-title":"Performance of the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-h recall","volume":"100","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-024-00954-0","article-title":"Assessing the relative validity of a web-based self-administered 24-hour dietary recall in a Canadian adolescent\u2019s population","volume":"23","author":"Drapeau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51432","DOI":"10.2196\/51432","article-title":"Advancements in Using AI for Dietary Assessment Based on Food Images: Scoping Review","volume":"26","author":"Chotwanvirat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01159-0","article-title":"DietAI24 as a framework for comprehensive nutrition estimation using multimodal large language models","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Med."}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/2\/128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:15:29Z","timestamp":1771910129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/2\/128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol33020128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol33020128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]}}}