{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:58:11Z","timestamp":1790974691753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Feng.Liu."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), a rare vascular tumor in adolescent males, involves dysregulated angiogenesis and hormonal interplay. Key molecular drivers include HIF-1\u03b1, VEGF, bFGF, and \u03b2-catenin, promoting tumor growth via pathways like Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin and Ras signaling. Androgens and estrogen modulate progression, though mechanisms remain debated. Targeted therapies reduce tumor proliferation and vascularity in preclinical studies, yet clinical translation is hindered by drug resistance and inconsistent biomarker expression. Hormonal and MMP-targeted approaches also show potential but require validation. This review consolidates JNA\u2019s molecular landscape, emphasizing the need for personalized strategies, biomarker refinement, and combination therapies to improve therapeutic outcomes for this challenging tumor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33030147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T09:45:12Z","timestamp":1772531112000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Mechanisms of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211061992","article-title":"Endoscopic Endonasal Treatment of a Sinonasal Vascular Neoplasm in the Postnatal Period: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"131","author":"Morvant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. 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