{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T10:08:51Z","timestamp":1774260531821,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kidney Cancer Research Network of Canada"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromophobe RCC (chRCC) represents 5\u201310% of all RCC; however, data regarding outcomes and predictors of recurrence and survival in localized disease are limited. The Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System (CKCis) is a multi-institutional prospective cohort. Patients who had surgical resection for clinically localized chRCC between January 2011 and July 2024 were included. Descriptive statistics were used, and cancer recurrence and time to death were estimated using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves. Associations between baseline and tumour characteristics and recurrence and survival were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The study cohort included 790 patients. Median follow-up was 4.9 years, mean age was 57.8 years and 57.5% were male. Partial nephrectomy occurred in 52.7% and radical in 47.3%. Recurrence-free survival was 93.6% at 5 years and 90.2% at 10 years. In the 45 patients who recurred, 40 had metastatic disease, 3 had local recurrences, and 2 had new contralateral disease. Predictors of recurrence included a higher pT stage, sarcomatoid features, positive margins, and tumour necrosis. Overall survival was 94.5% at 5 years and 83.7% at 10 years. Predictors of death included high pT stage, increase in pathological size, and increasing age at diagnosis. In this large Canadian cohort, patients with surgically resected, localized chRCC had favourable 5- and 10-year oncologic outcomes. These favourable outcomes are a reminder that not all RCC patients with non-clear cell histologies should be pooled together as a single entity. There is, however, a subgroup of patients with less favourable outcomes who should be the focus of future research that aims to prevent recurrence and RCC death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33030175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:44:41Z","timestamp":1773999881000},"page":"175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and Predictors of Recurrence and Survival in Surgically Resected Localized Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System (CKCis)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Arenovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney","family":"Breau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-8384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology,  Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjeeta","family":"Mallick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6947-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Tanguay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University Health Centre, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4A 3J1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Pouliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9286-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Lavallee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Feifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5M 2N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Finelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON L5M 2N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Lattouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H2X 0C1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Mannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bimal","family":"Bhindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmir G.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3163-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Basappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Y. C.","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9907-9112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aly-Khan A.","family":"Lalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Bjarnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2405-0216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology,  Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Atkins, M.B., El Bakouny, Z., and Choueiri, T.K. 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