{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:44:21Z","timestamp":1775281461574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015979","name":"Pelotonia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing is frequently used to screen patients for the early detection of Lynch syndrome, the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. MSI testing compares microsatellite repeat lengths in tumor DNA with those in matched normal tissue from the same patient. Therefore, precise sample identification is critical for obtaining reliable test results. The Penta-C and Penta-D pentanucleotide markers are widely used for sample identification in MSI testing. We investigated instability, defined as allelic mismatches or shifts, discordant fragment sizes, or the appearance of alleles in tumor DNA that were absent in the corresponding normal DNA, in the Penta-C and Penta-D loci across 2609 paired colorectal tumor and matched normal tissue or blood DNA samples. The allele sizes of both markers did not match in 0.3% of microsatellite-stable (MSS) and 12.3% of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) patients (p &lt; 0.001, difference in proportions, 12.0% (95% CI, 8.9\u201315.1%)). Non-matching allele sizes in 12.3% of the MSI-H tumors suggest that other repeat markers may also be unstable and not suitable for sample identification in these tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33040205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:09:54Z","timestamp":1775138994000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Instability in Pentanucleotide Markers in a Subset of Microsatellite Instability-High Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy L.","family":"Frankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Bacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1565-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Bigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"},{"name":"Vanta Diagnostics, Charleston, SC 29403, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Nelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew F.","family":"Kalady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua F.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Pearlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7558-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73421-5","article-title":"Evaluation of 3 molecular-based assays for microsatellite instability detection in formalin-fixed tissues of patients with endometrial and colorectal cancers","volume":"10","author":"Gilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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