{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:24:41Z","timestamp":1793330681928,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and is the second largest contributor to both incidence and mortality, underscoring the urgent need for effective prevention strategies. This comprehensive review provides the most up-to-date evidence on the protective role of plant-based dietary patterns against CRC carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on underlying cellular and molecular level mechanisms. Accumulating research demonstrates that plant-based foods, rich in dietary fibre, polyphenols, and multiple other bioactive compounds, promote gut microbial eubiosis, support immune regulation, and modulate adipose tissue homeostasis. These effects are accompanied by intestinal barrier integrity, enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids, and the induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. Moreover, plant-derived nutrients reduce the abundance of pro-inflammatory microbial taxa, decrease oxidative, nitrosative and carbonyl stress, and downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and signalling pathways, implicated in tumourigenesis. As a result, plant-based dietary patterns have high potential to reduce CRC risk through modulating the intricate interplay between epigenetics, inflammation, immune dysregulation, metabolic and hormonal disruptions, and gut microbiota, suggesting a highly promising, cost-effective and equitable strategy for CRC prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33040222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1776420664000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective Effects of Plant-Based Diets Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis via Modulation of Key Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8053-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Kamel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9332-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Grunvald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of General Internal Medicine & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5416-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6239-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshdeep","family":"Rattol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8159-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Straube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5651-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellina","family":"Lytvyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01635-6","article-title":"The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990\u20132023, with forecasts to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","volume":"406","author":"Force","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025). 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