{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:07:55Z","timestamp":1778735275981,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection often results in complex defects requiring reconstruction to preserve function and support multidisciplinary treatment. Propeller flaps have emerged as a local alternative to free flaps in selected cases, but their role in sarcoma reconstruction remains incompletely defined. This systematic review aimed to assess the current evidence on the indications, reconstructive outcomes, and oncologic reporting of propeller flaps in extremity sarcoma reconstruction. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Studies reporting perforator-based propeller flaps after extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection were included. Data were synthesized descriptively because of the heterogeneity of study design, patient populations, and outcome reporting. Nineteen studies were included. Across the published literature, 656 patients were described overall, including 185 propeller flaps used after sarcoma resection. Most reconstructions involved the lower extremity, accounting for more than 95% of reported cases. Flap survival was generally high; among studies providing extractable numerical data, complete flap survival was 92.7% (115\/124), total flap loss was 3.8% (2\/52), and partial necrosis occurred in 9.6% (5\/52) of flaps. Venous congestion was the most frequently reported complication. Oncologic outcomes were inconsistently reported, and comparative recurrence-related data were very limited. Available data suggest that propeller flaps can provide reliable coverage with acceptable complication rates in selected cases. Oncologic outcomes were sparsely and inconsistently reported, and the current literature does not show a clear signal of increased local recurrence; however, the available evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions regarding oncologic safety or equivalence compared with other reconstructive strategies. These findings support consideration of propeller flaps as a complementary reconstructive option in carefully selected patients, although higher-quality studies with standardized oncologic outcomes are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33050269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:03:37Z","timestamp":1778144617000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Propeller Flaps in Extremity Sarcoma Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Reconstructive Outcomes and Oncologic Considerations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9500-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Matarazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1395-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Lauricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Bascialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Valdatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5859-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Paganini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2020.1814150","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach to soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities","volume":"20","author":"Nakayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Anticancer. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osterloh, J., Ludolph, I., Gr\u00fctzmann, R., Meyer, A., Lang, W., Horch, R.E., Fechner, K., and Arkudas, A. (2023). Interdisciplinary surgical therapy of extremity soft-tissue sarcomas: A personalized resection and reconstruction algorithm. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020262"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2021.01.007","article-title":"Lower extremity reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma resection","volume":"48","author":"Parikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.74.7527","article-title":"Perioperative management of extremity soft tissue sarcomas","volume":"36","author":"Haas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B6.19805","article-title":"Limb-sparing surgery preserves more function than amputation: A Scandinavian sarcoma group study of 118 patients","volume":"90","author":"Aksnes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199203000-00012","article-title":"Comparison of amputation with limb-sparing operations for adult soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity","volume":"215","author":"Williard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2022.12.002","article-title":"Contemporary role of amputation for patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"49","author":"Conti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.138937","article-title":"Limb salvage in musculoskeletal oncology: Recent advances","volume":"47","author":"Puri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2026.01.046","article-title":"The role of plastic reconstructive surgery in surgical reconstruction of soft tissue defects after resection of musculoskeletal tumors","volume":"48","author":"Deskoulidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25201","article-title":"Analysis of clinical outcomes of upper and lower extremity reconstructions in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"118","author":"Kapoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145385","DOI":"10.3897\/folmed.67.e145385","article-title":"Orthoplastic approach to limb salvage surgery in oncology: Types of flaps and surgical timing","volume":"67","author":"Saracco","year":"2025","journal-title":"Folia Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.101299","article-title":"Wound coverage considerations for defects in the lower third of the leg","volume":"45","author":"Bajantri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2016.02.004","article-title":"Microsurgical free muscle flaps for reconstruction of post-traumatic complex tissue defects of foot","volume":"72","author":"Varghese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.10.065","article-title":"Reconstruction of upper limb soft-tissue defects after sarcoma resection with free flaps: A systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Lucattelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.118600","article-title":"Unfavourable results in free tissue transfer","volume":"46","author":"Koul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.323","article-title":"Free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction: A contemporary review","volume":"16","author":"Cannady","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4216","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004216","article-title":"Free flap outcome in irradiated recipient sites: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tasch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodea, F.-V., Hariga, C.-S., Bordeanu-Diaconescu, E.-M., Cretu, A., Dumitru, C.-S., Ratoiu, V.-A., Lascar, I., and Grosu-Bularda, A. (2025). Assessing donor site morbidity and impact on quality of life in free flap microsurgery: An overview. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15010036"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2023.01.006","article-title":"Reducing risks for local skin flap failure","volume":"31","author":"Hom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2025.109705","article-title":"Short-term morbidity following primary closure, skin grafting and flap reconstruction after surgical resection of extremity soft-tissue sarcomas: Pushing the limits of limb preservation","volume":"51","author":"Generaal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31828bd89f","article-title":"Local flaps, including pedicled perforator flaps: Anatomy, technique, and applications","volume":"131","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2010.06.003","article-title":"The propeller flap concept","volume":"37","author":"Teo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315786","article-title":"Pedicled-perforator (propeller) flaps in lower extremity defects: A systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Gir","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Reconstr. Microsurg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000081071.83805.B6","article-title":"The \u201cGent\u201d consensus on perforator flap terminology: Preliminary definitions","volume":"112","author":"Blondeel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.037","article-title":"Why, when and how propeller perforator flaps in reconstructive surgery","volume":"50","author":"Georgescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690649","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/690649","article-title":"Perforator based propeller flaps in limb reconstructive surgery: Clinical application and literature review","volume":"2014","author":"Artiaco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6324","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000006324","article-title":"Propeller flaps and potential lymphatic damage","volume":"12","author":"Franchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f6tzl, R., Sterzinger, S., Arkudas, A., Boos, A.M., Semrau, S., Vassos, N., Gr\u00fctzmann, R., Agaimy, A., Hohenberger, W., and Horch, R.E. (2020). The role of plastic reconstructive surgery in surgical therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123534"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2014). Study Quality Assessment Tools, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Aromataris, E., and Munn, Z. (2020). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f02ee3","article-title":"Freestyle Pedicle Perforator Flaps: Clinical Results and Vascular Anatomy","volume":"126","author":"Lecours","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.03.015","article-title":"Use of angioscanning in the surgical planning of perforator flaps in the lower extremities","volume":"64","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-011-0136-0","article-title":"Perforator-based propeller flaps treating loss of substance in the lower limb","volume":"12","author":"Tos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2012.39.4.360","article-title":"Reconstruction of pretibial defect using pedicled perforator flaps","volume":"39","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0536-2","article-title":"Proximally based anterolateral-thigh (ALT) flap for knee reconstruction: An advancement propeller perforator flap","volume":"39","author":"Cadenelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-015-0399-7","article-title":"Propeller flap reconstruction in post oncological thigh defect: \u201cThe move in flap\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Nambi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22358","article-title":"Freestyle perforator-based propeller flap of medial arm for medial elbow reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Zang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001895","article-title":"A prospective head-to-head comparison of color Doppler ultrasound and computed tomographic angiography in the preoperative planning of lower extremity perforator flaps","volume":"137","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.039","article-title":"Free perforator flaps vs. propeller flaps in lower limb reconstruction: A cost\/effectiveness analysis on a series of 179 cases","volume":"50","author":"Innocenti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.2278","article-title":"Localized lymphedema after treatment for soft tissue sarcoma in the lower limbs: Comparison of improvement according to duration before lymphaticovenular anastomosis","volume":"7","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26076","article-title":"Oncologic safety of propeller flap and free flap in reconstruction after soft tissue sarcoma resection","volume":"122","author":"Cha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30836","article-title":"Versatility of the lateral circumflex femoral artery sparing perforator-based anterolateral thigh flaps in loco-regional thigh reconstruction after skin cancer, melanoma, and sarcoma resection","volume":"42","author":"Brunetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26605","article-title":"Comparison of flap reconstruction for soft tissue sarcomas of the foot and ankle","volume":"124","author":"Mallett","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002467","article-title":"Defect reconstruction using the propeller flaps based on the perforators derived from the lateral circumflex femoral artery system","volume":"86","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4107","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004107","article-title":"Knee reconstruction following sarcoma resection utilizing pedicled anterolateral thigh propeller flap: A case series","volume":"10","author":"Benedict","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.08.061","article-title":"Clinical reliability of pedicled perforator flaps in the management of adult limb and trunk soft tissue sarcomas: Experience of two French expert centres","volume":"75","author":"Lafaye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2022.02.003","article-title":"Profunda femoris artery perforator flap for lateral knee joint reconstruction: A report of two cases","volume":"32","author":"Tada","year":"2022","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31125","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.31125","article-title":"Combined use of lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) flap and pedicled medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAP) for lateral knee defects coverage after sarcoma resection: A case report and literature review of soft tissue defect around knee reconstruction","volume":"44","author":"Alban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31121","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.31121","article-title":"Thigh reconstruction between form and function: An algorithm for flap selection based on a series of 70 oncological patients","volume":"44","author":"Brunetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2023.12.001","article-title":"Extremity and truncal soft tissue sarcoma: Risk assessment and multidisciplinary management","volume":"34","author":"Borghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009604","article-title":"Practical strategies in reconstruction of soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"150","author":"Aten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, S.C., Yeh, Y.S., Chen, W.H., Kuan, C.H., Cheng, N.C., and Chao, S.C. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 2026). Optimizing perforator-based propeller flap design for distal leg, ankle and hindfoot reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Plast. Reconstr. Surg., in press.","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000012993"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matarazzo, S., Corsini, B., Cozzi, S., Tellarini, A., Valdatta, L., and Paganini, F. (2025). Propeller flaps for acute lower limb reconstruction after trauma: Evidence from a systematic review. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14176288"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041866","article-title":"Soft-tissue sarcomas in adults","volume":"353","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2025.0058","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Soft tissue sarcoma, version 1.2025","volume":"23","author":"Kane","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00638-6","article-title":"Hypofractionated, 3-week, preoperative radiotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcomas (HYPORT-STS): A single-centre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"23","author":"Guadagnolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-7-162","article-title":"Wound healing after radiation therapy: Review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Haubner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70175","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.70175","article-title":"Wound healing complication in radio-treated limb soft tissue sarcoma patients: A single referral centre experience","volume":"22","author":"Mazza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30047","article-title":"Free versus perforator-pedicled propeller flaps in lower extremity reconstruction: What is the safest coverage? A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bekara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microsurgery"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/5\/269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:11:58Z","timestamp":1778731918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/5\/269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol33050269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol33050269","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]}}}