{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:11:24Z","timestamp":1780337484370,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To evaluate tumor response, local control (LC), survival, and toxicity after radiotherapy for adrenal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted a retrospective, bi-institutional study spanning two decades. Methods: Twenty patients received radiotherapy for adrenal metastases (2005\u20132025). Techniques included three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and MR-guided radiotherapy. Tumor response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. LC, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using Kaplan\u2013Meier; the association between biologically effective dose (BED10) and local recurrence was assessed using Fisher\u2019s exact test. Results: The objective response rate was 55.0%, and the disease control rate was 95.0%. The 6- and 12-month adrenal LC rates were 94.4% and 87.2%; local recurrence occurred in three patients (15.0%). No local recurrence was observed at BED10 \u2265 75 Gy (0\/8) versus 25.0% (3\/12) at BED10 &lt; 75 Gy. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.242, Fisher\u2019s exact test) and should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating given the limited sample size. Median OS was 13.4 months, and median PFS was 6.3 months. Systemic progression was the predominant failure pattern. No grade \u22653 radiotherapy-related toxicity was observed. Conclusions: Radiotherapy achieved favorable LC with acceptable toxicity across a 20-year bi-institutional experience, supporting its role as an effective local treatment modality for adrenal metastases from HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33060328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:11:01Z","timestamp":1780333861000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiotherapy for Adrenal Metastases from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A 20-Year Bi-Institutional Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jeongshim","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-549X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myungsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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