{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:30:05Z","timestamp":1790127005682,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008252","name":"University of Udine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Annual Grant 2020-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Annual Grant 2020-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Annual Grant 2020-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Annual Grant 2020-2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ht0mh31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Oncol.","Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunity plays critical roles in cutaneous melanoma. We investigated the association between the pro-inflammatory interleukin-1\u03b2 gene (IL-1B) rs16944 (-511 C &gt; T) promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and cutaneous melanoma susceptibility and clinical features. This observational case\u2013control study included 133 patients with cutaneous melanoma and 900 healthy controls from Northeastern Italy. The rs16944 C &gt; T polymorphism was determined by genomic DNA restriction fragment analysis. The IL-1B rs16944 C allele (OR = 1.44, p = 0.014) and CC genotype (OR = 1.48, p = 0.037) were associated with modestly higher odds of melanoma. Among melanoma patients, the CC genotype was associated with Stage I disease (OR = 2.45, p = 0.016) and Breslow thickness \u2264 0.75 mm (OR = 2.27, p = 0.049), whereas it was less frequent in Stage IV melanoma (OR = 0.37, p = 0.029). The CT genotype was associated with Stage IV melanoma (OR = 3.03, p = 0.014) and with lower-limb (OR = 2.45, p = 0.038) and lower-extremity (OR = 3.09, p = 0.005) melanoma. These divergent associations are exploratory and do not establish disease trajectory or a functional effect of rs16944; mechanistic interpretation remains uncertain because IL-1\u03b2 expression or activity was not measured in this cohort. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between a genetic polymorphism and lower-limb\/lower-extremity melanoma. These exploratory findings require confirmation in independent cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33070436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:01:28Z","timestamp":1784768488000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interleukin-1\u03b2 Gene (IL-1B) rs16944 (-511 C &gt; T) Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Cutaneous Melanoma Susceptibility, Stage, and Anatomical Localization in a Northern Italian Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sabina","family":"Cauci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Buligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Nacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Petris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Italiana Fegato ETS\u2014Italian Liver Foundation ETS, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Stinco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Santa Maria della Misericordia, Friuli Centrale University Healthcare Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00821-8","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma","volume":"402","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002908","article-title":"Burden trend and forecasting analysis of malignant skin melanoma from 1990 to 2021","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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