{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T10:34:13Z","timestamp":1786617253312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr. Oncol.","Current Oncology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunotherapy is the standard first-line palliative treatment for metastatic melanoma; however, its role in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains uncertain. We report a case in which nivolumab, administered for metastatic melanoma, was associated with a marked improvement in concurrent treatment-related MDS. A 67-year-old man with a history of oligosecretory multiple myeloma developed transfusion-dependent MDS following autologous stem cell transplantation, requiring twice-weekly blood transfusions. He subsequently developed metastatic melanoma and was treated with single agent nivolumab to minimize treatment-related toxicity. Nivolumab effectively controlled the melanoma, and during treatment the patient experienced a durable hematologic response with sustained transfusion independence. At approximately two years of follow up, he remained transfusion-independent with stable peripheral blood counts, supporting the durability of the hematologic response. Although checkpoint inhibitors are not established therapies for therapy-related MDS and a causal relationship cannot be confirmed from a single case, the timing and sustained nature of the response are noteworthy. The patient experienced a significant improvement in quality of life with minimal adverse effects. This case adds to the limited literature on checkpoint inhibition in MDS and supports further investigation of its potential effects on hematologic recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol33080476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T09:31:09Z","timestamp":1786613469000},"page":"476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Durable Hematologic Response in Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome During Nivolumab Treatment for Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fathima Nashfa M.","family":"Hamza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Care Northwest, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Eltayeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Katari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Care Northwest, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F. K.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Care Northwest, Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0917-7","article-title":"Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes deserve specific diagnostic sub-classification and risk-stratification\u2014An approach to classification of patients with t-MDS","volume":"35","author":"Kuendgen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvete, O., Mestre, J., Jerez, A., and Sol\u00e9, F. (2023). The secondary myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) jigsaw. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15051483"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.06.015","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma who developed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous cell transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Yalniz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transplant. Cell. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_1290_16","article-title":"Checkpoint immunotherapy by nivolumab for treatment of metastatic melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Koppolu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2015034","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2015.034","article-title":"Rare cytogenetic abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"7","author":"Bacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.22","article-title":"Update on second primary malignancies in multiple myeloma: A focused review","volume":"28","author":"Landgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/bbmt.2002.v8.pm11846355","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of therapy-related MDS\/AML after autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Gilliland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2017.60","article-title":"Therapy related myeloid neoplasms: When genetics and environment collide","volume":"17","author":"McNerney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00263-4","article-title":"Targeting PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004710","article-title":"A multicenter phase 1 study of nivolumab for relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"135","author":"Davids","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.01.021","article-title":"Unexpected toxicities when nivolumab was given as maintenance therapy following allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"275","article-title":"Optimizing checkpoint blockade as a treatment for relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"130","author":"Davids","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/8\/476\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1786615347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1718-7729\/33\/8\/476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["curroncol33080476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol33080476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1718-7729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1718-7729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}