{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1792548494629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition defined by verrucous, pruritic, papules and plaques usually affecting the lower limbs. The diagnosis of HLP is primarily clinical. However, due to its feasible generalized presentation and similarities with other hypertrophic cutaneous disorders, histological evaluation is often necessary. Many dermatological conditions that present with a hypertrophic clinical appearance can arise from a histological lichenoid infiltrate (HCLI). Hence, we provide an overview of the clinical, histopathological, and prognostic features of selected HCLI, including HLP, hypertrophic lichenoid dermatitis, hypertrophic lichen sclerosus (HLS), lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), keratoacanthoma (KA), pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), viral warts, and lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus (LE\/LP) overlap. Choosing the appropriate procedure and the anatomical site for an incisional biopsy requires thoughtful consideration to ensure sufficient depth and improve diagnostic accuracy by identifying the histological features specific to each hypertrophic condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology12010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T10:55:48Z","timestamp":1740480948000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hypertrophic Lichen Planus and Hypertrophic Skin Lesions Associated with Histological Lichenoid Infiltrate: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Biagio","family":"Scotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Misciali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6162-2004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bardazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-9689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Piraccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6894-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelangelo","family":"La Placa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda-Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 33-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1103641","article-title":"Clinical practice. Lichen planus","volume":"366","author":"Chosidow","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.01.020","article-title":"Hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma: The importance of clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"3","author":"Levandoski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742826","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/742826","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: A comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis","volume":"2014","author":"Gorouhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.04.001","article-title":"Update on lichen planus and its clinical variants","volume":"1","author":"Weston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13806","article-title":"Lichen planus pigmentosus and its variants: Review and update","volume":"57","author":"Pandya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13521","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13521","article-title":"Unusual presentation of porokeratotic lichen planus: Histology, dermoscopy and confocal microscopy imaging of a rare condition","volume":"29","author":"Scotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Skin. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04062.x","article-title":"Lichen planus","volume":"48","author":"Lehman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00878-9","article-title":"Lichen Planus: What is New in Diagnosis and Treatment?","volume":"25","author":"Tekin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2017224044","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-224044","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma arising in hypertrophic lichen planus","volume":"2018","author":"Haenen","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2012.01930.x","article-title":"Syphilis with a lichen planus-like pattern (hypertrophic syphilis)","volume":"39","author":"Nazzaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/ijstd.IJSTD_51_19","article-title":"Hypertrophic lichen planus of the vulva\u2014A missed diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. AIDS"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000419","article-title":"Classic and Hypertrophic Vulvar Lichen Planus","volume":"22","author":"Day","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Low. Genit. Tract. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462417695052","article-title":"Lichen planus hypertrophicus of the vulva\u2014A rare entity","volume":"28","author":"Job","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.07.030","article-title":"Lichen planus affecting the female genitalia: A retrospective review of patients at Mayo Clinic","volume":"77","author":"Fahy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0160-6","article-title":"Treatments for Cutaneous Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"17","author":"Atzmony","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16013","article-title":"Bullous and verrucous lichen sclerosus with autoantibodies against both desmoglein Dsg1 and Dsg3","volume":"61","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12457","article-title":"Hypertrophic lichen sclerosus sine sclerosis: Clues to histopathologic diagnosis when presenting as psoriasiform lichenoid dermatitis","volume":"42","author":"Weyers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S256","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.21.300","article-title":"A Case of Linear Hypertrophic Lichen Planus in a Pediatric Patient","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"205638","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma developing in a cutaneous lichen planus lesion: A rare case","volume":"2014","author":"Ghosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep. Dermatol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001776","article-title":"Distinction Between Hypertrophic Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Requires Clinicopathologic Correlation in Difficult Cases","volume":"43","author":"Astudillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12275","article-title":"The significance of eosinophils in hypertrophic lichen planus","volume":"41","author":"Alomari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.5694\/mja18.00577","article-title":"Hypertrophic lichen planus mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"209","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16321","article-title":"Concomitant hypertrophic lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical features and treatment outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Idriss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13739","article-title":"Hypertrophic lichenoid dermatitis immune-related adverse event during combined immune checkpoint and exportin inhibitor therapy: A diagnostic pitfall for superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Tetzlaff","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae345","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-induced hypertrophic lichenoid dermatitis with involvement of an old tattoo","volume":"50","author":"Bala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_353_23","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-Induced Hypertrophic Lichenoid Dermatitis and Bullous Pemphigoid in One Patient","volume":"15","author":"Alsabbagh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46227-7_6","article-title":"Epidemiology of Skin Cancer: Update 2019","volume":"1268","author":"Leiter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2019.553","article-title":"Giant Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Chronic Lichen Planus on the Ankle\u2014A Case Report and Short Literature Review","volume":"7","author":"Wollina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01500.x","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma arising from hypertrophic lichen planus","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000565","article-title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Hypertrophic Lichen Planus: A Review and Analysis of 38 Cases","volume":"41","author":"Knackstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12738","article-title":"Histopathologic features of multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the lower extremity","volume":"43","author":"Munday","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12549","article-title":"Widely metastatic squamous cell carcinoma originating from malignant transformation of hypertrophic lichen planus in a 24-year-old woman: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236905","article-title":"Squamous-cell carcinoma developing within anal lichen planus: Report of a case","volume":"41","author":"Spallanzani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis. Colon. Rectum."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1989.tb04612.x","article-title":"Malignancy in lichen planus","volume":"28","author":"Ruocco","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14136","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and intraepithelial neoplasia among patients diagnosed with erosive lichen planus (LP): A study of 130 patients","volume":"64","author":"Ghandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"29","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma arising from an oral lichenoid lesion: A case report","volume":"6","author":"Mehdipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res. Dent. Clin. Dent. Prospect."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2013.10","article-title":"The malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: A systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14752","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14752","article-title":"A rare case of lichen simplex chronicus in an adolescent female successfully managed with Crisaborole","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13974","article-title":"Multiple keratoacanthoma and oral lichen planus successfully treated with systemic retinoids and review of multiple keratoacanthoma associated with lichen planus","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology11040029","article-title":"Keratoacanthoma versus Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: Histopathological Features and Molecular Markers","volume":"11","author":"Bahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatopathology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.035","article-title":"Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms and Management","volume":"162","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1080\/15321819.2017.1395347","article-title":"C-Jun expression in lichen planus, psoriasis, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, an immunohistochemical study","volume":"39","author":"Abdou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunoass. Immunochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63891-6","article-title":"Expression of keratin K2e in cutaneous and oral lesions: Association with keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and keratinization","volume":"162","author":"Bloor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02436-x","article-title":"Occult squamous cell carcinoma within lichenoid dermatitis: Three examples of cryptic cancer detection","volume":"315","author":"Lambert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00796","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v102.4367","article-title":"Lichen Simplex Chronicus Itch: An Update","volume":"102","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00168.x","article-title":"Prurigo nodularis and lichen simplex chronicus","volume":"21","author":"Lotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2023.89366","article-title":"A review of the current management and burden of prurigo nodularis in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Chisolm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Manag. Care"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04002.x","article-title":"Lichen simplex chronicus (atopic\/neurodermatitis) of the anogenital region","volume":"17","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"361","article-title":"Histopathological Study of Oral Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia","volume":"43","author":"Pascu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Health Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029600169733","article-title":"Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in Mycobacterium ulcerans infection","volume":"28","author":"Hayman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05369.x","article-title":"Blastomycosis: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"51","author":"Motswaledi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12129","article-title":"Vulvar pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia associated with herpes simplex virus type II mimicking cancer in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"40","author":"Tangjitgamol","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa256","article-title":"An update on Heck\u2019s disease-a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Sethi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2019.151402","article-title":"The molecular-based differentiation of Heck\u2019s disease from its mimics including oral condyloma and white sponge nevus","volume":"43","author":"Schwartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.36518\/2689-0216.1301","article-title":"Acyclovir-Resistant Anogenital Herpes Simplex Virus in an HIV Patient With Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia Resembling Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Charles","year":"2022","journal-title":"HCA Healthc. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181fcfb47","article-title":"Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: A review","volume":"33","author":"Zayour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31821816ab","article-title":"Mucocutaneous pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: A review","volume":"34","author":"Kibbi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"665","article-title":"Vulval lichen planus: Progression of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia to invasive vulval carcinomas","volume":"108","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"112","article-title":"Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia arising from hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma: Limited value of immunohistochemistry","volume":"20","author":"Pusiol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"310","article-title":"Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia arising from hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"146","author":"Speziali","year":"2011","journal-title":"G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.05.057","article-title":"Vulvar cancers in women with vulvar lichen planus: A clinicopathological study","volume":"71","author":"Regauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198804000-00001","article-title":"Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia","volume":"10","author":"Grunwald","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00305-4","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Bruni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.08.007","article-title":"HPV-associated diseases","volume":"32","author":"Ljubojevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebdp.2020.101485","article-title":"Association of Human Papillomavirus With Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Leukoplakia: A Meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e960","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.960","article-title":"The correlation between human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"11","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_47_17","article-title":"Verruca vulgaris of the buccal mucosa: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Mattoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2008.00636.x","article-title":"Histological characteristics of human papilloma-virus-positive and -negative invasive and in situ squamous cell tumours of the penis","volume":"90","author":"Krustrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089009061325","article-title":"Differences between personal and general alcohol-related beliefs","volume":"25","author":"Oei","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80281-4","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus (LE\/LP) overlap syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Nieboer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415618109","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus-lichen planus overlap syndrome in an HIV-infected individual","volume":"27","author":"Patil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. STD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"36","article-title":"Lupus Erythematosus Lichen Planus Overlap Syndrome Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Smirnov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00223.x","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus overlap syndrome with scarring alopecia","volume":"15","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2006.00043.x","article-title":"A case of lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus overlap syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Nagao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313492243","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus overlap syndrome: Successful treatment with acitretin","volume":"22","author":"Lospinoso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13030\/qt73r7492v","DOI":"10.5070\/D32010024267","article-title":"Successful long-term thalidomide therapy for discoid lupus erythematosus-lichen planus overlap syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14239","article-title":"A case of chilblain lupus erythematosus with lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus overlap syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Komori","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"311","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus and lichen planus overlap syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70129-X","article-title":"Coexistence of lichen planus and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210201200314","article-title":"A case of lichen planus-lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome with eyelid involvement","volume":"12","author":"Tursen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2011.e48","article-title":"Lupus erythematosus and lichen planus overlap syndrome: A case report with a rapid response to topical corticosteroid therapy","volume":"3","author":"Demirci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14130","article-title":"Blaschkoid lichen planus occurring in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Sil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6610509","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6610509","article-title":"Cutaneous Manifestations of \u201cLupus\u201d: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Beyond","volume":"2021","author":"Cooper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00220","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3585","article-title":"Tofacitinib in Hypertrophic Lichen Planus","volume":"100","author":"Seiringer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.04.017","article-title":"Oral tofacitinib effectively treating eruptive and hypertrophic cutaneous lichen planus","volume":"37","author":"Youssef","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.80420","article-title":"Scle-lp overlap syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Sekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.12.014","article-title":"Histologic features of cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"8","author":"Baltaci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.09.031","article-title":"Cutaneous lupus erythematosus\/lichen planus overlap syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Jicha","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"e3555","article-title":"Hypertrophic Lichen Planus Mimicking Verrucous Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Riahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2010.01587.x","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: An overview of their presence and distribution in different inflammatory skin diseases, with special emphasis on Jessner\u2019s lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin and cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"37","author":"Tomasini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00741.x","article-title":"Langerhans cells in squamous cell carcinoma vs. pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the skin","volume":"34","author":"Galan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-1032-DPHFSC","article-title":"Distinguishing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia from squamous cell carcinoma in mucosal biopsy specimens from the head and neck","volume":"129","author":"Zarovnaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."}],"container-title":["Dermatopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/12\/1\/8\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:42:07Z","timestamp":1760028127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2296-3529\/12\/1\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["dermatopathology12010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dermatopathology12010008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]}}}